基于光子多普勒技术的高超风洞驱动器速度历程测量  

Velocity history measurement of hypersonic tunnel driver based on photon Doppler velocimeter

作　　者：郝歌扬 杨钰城 赵荣娟[2] 吕小鹏 杨雅涵 吴国俊[1,3] Hao Ge-Yang;Yang Yu-Cheng;Zhao Rong-Juan;LüXiao-Peng;Yang Ya-Han;Wu Guo-Jun(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ocean Optics,Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710119,China;Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute,China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China;Joint Laboratory of Ocean Observation and Detection(Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics),Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266200,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所,陕西省海洋光学重点实验室,西安710119 [2]中国空气动力研究与发展中心,超高速空气动力研究所,绵阳621000 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋观测与探测联合实验室(西安光机所部分),青岛266200 [4]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《物理学报》2022年第23期288-295,共8页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(批准号:XDA22030201);中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所青年创新促进会项目资助的课题.

摘　　要：受限于计算流体力学方法的模型及计算量,地面风洞模拟试验仍是现阶段开展高超声速过程研究的主要技术手段.本文针对高焓膨胀管/激波风洞的自由流参数精细调控、安全稳定运行及有效试验时间提升等需求,利用光子多普勒测速技术实现了对不同驱动段压力情况下,自由活塞运动全程速度变化情况的连续跟踪测量.驱动压力为1.3 MPa时,活塞速度的数值仿真最高速度88.981 m/s,实测最高运动速度88.810 m/s,相对偏差为-0.19%;活塞驱动压力为2.7 MPa时,活塞数值仿真最高速度125.100 m/s,实测最高运动速度123.843 m/s,相对偏差为-1.00%,为该风洞的性能优化及稳定运行提供了重要数据支撑.The research of hypersonic process is limited by the transition model,the turbulence model,and the computational complexity.At present the tunnel test is still a better way to investigate the hypersonic process than the computational fluid dynamic(CFD)method.In this work,the principle and structure of all-fiber photon Doppler velocimeter(PDV)are introduced.The PDV is based on laser Doppler effect and consists of an all-fiber Mach Zehnder interferometer and an optical antenna.The measurement accuracy and distance of PDV are tested,showing that the error can be controlled to be within 0.17 m/s when the velocity of piston is below 40 m/s.At the same time,the measured distance of PDV can reach 26.3 m.The continuous velocity of the free piston is measured by using the PDV in high enthalpy expansion tunnel of China aerodynamics research and development center(CARDC).During the tunnel tests,the PDV is placed next to the tunnel,and the optical antenna is installed behind the observation window of the tunnel and connected to a circulator by optical fiber.When the driving pressure of the tunnel is 1.3 MPa,the maximum numerical simulation velocity of the piston is 88.981 m/s,and the velocity is measured to be 88.810 m/s with a relative deviation of-0.19%;when the driving pressure of the tunnel is 2.7 MPa,the maximum numerical simulation velocity of the piston is 125.100 m/s,the measured velocity is 123.843 m/s,and the relative deviation is-1.00%.The piston reaches a maximum velocity before impacting on the tunnel,and then decelerates rapidly under the joint action of the driving pressure and compression wave.Therefore,the soft landing of the piston proves feasible,which is put forward by Stallkerin the 1960s.Finally,the reasons why PDV missed the impact velocity of piston is discussed.Through the analysis of received intensity,it is believed that the absorption,scattering and expansion of the laser beam caused by the strong driving pressure is the main reason.

关 键 词：光子多普勒测速仪 高焓膨胀管风洞 自由活塞速度 

分 类 号：V211.74[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]