权利冲突视域下儿童最大利益原则的理解与适用  

Understanding and Application of Children’s Best Interests in the Perspective of Confl ict of Rights

作　　者：王雪梅[1] Wang Xuemei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《政法论坛》2022年第6期125-135,共11页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金一般项目“司法改革与未成年人司法制度完善研究”(18BFX081)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在儿童利益与父母利益、社会利益发生冲突的情况下,如何理解和适用儿童最大利益原则仍然是一个挑战。从权利理论冲突视角理解困境儿童群体权利问题时,能力发展理论、现代儿童福利理论等能更好地解释儿童赋能的合理性以及困境儿童利益优先的正当性。从家庭权利冲突的视角看待儿童的最大利益,既要考察父母在养育子女方面的自由裁量是否体现了儿童最大利益,也需探究在解决医疗生殖、离婚、家暴、收养等事件中儿童监护权归属是否体现了儿童最大利益。少年司法中儿童最大利益考量往往体现为与社会利益冲突的解决,从少年司法的发展演变中可以看到,少年司法所特有的原则、模式和干预措施,以及其所追求的矫治和促进罪错少年回归社会的目标,既符合儿童利益,也符合社会利益。In situations where the interests of the child conflict with the interests of parents and society,how to understand and apply the principle of the best interests of the child remain challenges.When understanding the rights of children in plight from the perspective of confl icting rights theories,the theories on Capacity Approach,modern theories of child welfare and so on can better explain the rationality of children’s empowerment and the legitimacy of prioritizing the interests of children in distress.Viewing the best interests of children from the perspective of family rights confl icts,it is necessary to examine whether the discretion of parents in the upbringing of children reflects the best interests of the child,and also to explore whether the ownership of guardianship in the settlement of actions concerning children such as medical reproduction,divorce,domestic violence,adoption and so on refl ects the best interests of the child.The best interests of child in juvenile justice are often refl ected in the resolution of confl icts of interest with society.From the development and evolution of juvenile justice,it can be seen that the principles,models and interventions unique to juvenile justice,and the goal of correcting and promoting the return of delinquents to society are in line with both the interests of children and the demands of social interests.

关 键 词：儿童最大利益 困境儿童 家庭关系 少年司法 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]