不同年代玉米单交种产量和品质性状对秸秆还田的响应  

Responses of Yield and Quality Traits of Maize Hybrids to Straw Returning in Different Eras

作　　者：范雅芳 孙继颖[1] 高聚林[1] 刘剑 苏治军[1] 王志刚[1] 于晓芳[1] 胡树平[2] 王富贵 屈佳伟 青格尔[1] FAN Ya-fang;SUN Ji-ying;GAO Ju-lin;LIU Jian;SU Zhi-jun;WANG Zhi-gang;YU Xiao-fang;HU Su-ping;WANG Fu-gui;QU Jia-wei;QIN Ge-er(College of Agronomy,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010019;Vocational and Technical College,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Baotou 014109,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019 [2]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古包头014109

出　　处：《玉米科学》2022年第5期45-54,共10页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0300802);国家自然科学基金课题(31360304);农业部华北黄土高原地区作物栽培科学观测实验站(25204120);国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02-63);内蒙古自治区作物栽培与遗传改良重点实验室。

摘　　要：选用1970s~2000s典型玉米单交种及其亲本自交系共12个基因型为试验材料,以秸秆不还田为对照,研究秸秆还田条件下其产量性状和品质性状的变化规律。结果表明,自1970年代至2000年代,玉米单交种及其亲本的产量同步增加,这种增产效应在秸秆还田条件下表现更优。秸秆还田条件下,2000s较1990s、1980s、1970s单交种增产7.23%~25.56%,母本增产12.05%~30.38%,父本增产9.80%~32.74%;秸秆不还田条件下,单交种增产5.92%~13.98%,母本增产11.41%~28.54%,父本增产9.96%~32.31%。单交种子粒蛋白质含量与脂肪含量呈下降趋势,淀粉含量与容重呈上升趋势。秸秆还田对各年代玉米单交种的产量性状和容重的提高程度产生一定促进作用,对于现代品种的影响较老品种更大。Twelve genotypes of the 1970s-2000s typical maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines were selected as experimental materials,and the change rule of yield and quality characters under the condition of straw returning was studied with no straw returning as control.The results showed that the yield of maize hybrids and their parental inbred lines increased synchronously from the 1970s to the 2000s,and this effect was better under the condition of straw returning.Under the condition of straw returning,the yield of 2000s was 7.23%-25.56%higher than that of the 1990s,1980s,and 1970s,the yield of the female parent was 12.05%-30.38%higher than that of 1990s,1980s,and 1970s and the yield of the male parent was 9.80%-32.74%higher than that of 1990s,1980s and 1970s;under the condition of no straw returning,the yield of maize hybrids increased by 5.92%-13.98%,the yield of female parent inbred lines increased by 11.41%-28.54%,and the yield of the male parent increased by 9.96%-32.31%.The protein content and fat content of maize hybrid seeds showed a decreasing trend,while the starch content and volume weight showed an increasing trend.Straw returning had a certain promoting effect on the improvement of yield characters and volume weight of maize hybrids in different eras,which had a greater impact on modern varieties than the old ones.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 产量性状 品质性状 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]