采煤机惰轮轴裂纹超声检测与定量评价方法  

Ultrasonic testing and quantitative evaluation method for crack in idler shaft of shearer

作　　者：董明[1,2] 于祥军 马宏伟 苏成明[3] 王昕 DONG Ming;YU Xiang-jun;MA Hong-wei;SU Cheng-ming;WANG Xin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Mine Electromechanical Equipment Intelligent Detection and Control,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Intelligent Remanufacturing Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710018,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学机械学院,陕西西安710054 [2]陕西省矿山机电装备智能检测与控制重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]西安智能再制造研究院有限公司,陕西西安710018

出　　处：《煤炭工程》2022年第10期146-150,共5页Coal Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51705418);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划—陕煤联合基金项目(2021JLM-07);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划青年项目(2019JQ-801)。

摘　　要：采煤机惰轮轴长期在重载和交变载荷作用下运行,极易在轴肩根部产生裂纹,影响结构的完整性。为了对惰轮轴根部裂纹进行定量分析,建立惰轮轴超声检测二维有限元模型,研究超声波在惰轮轴中的传播过程及其与缺陷相互作用规律。搭建超声检测实验平台,验证了有限元数值模型的正确性。分析了不同深度裂纹回波的时域波形和频谱幅值的变化规律,结果表明,幅值随着裂纹深度的增大而增大,带宽随着裂纹深度增大而变宽,采用最小二乘法对频谱幅值进行拟合,得到频谱幅值和裂纹深度的拟合函数,实现轴肩根部裂纹深度的定量分析。最后,制作了惰轮轴试块,开展不同深度裂纹的超声检测实验,验证了拟合函数的正确性。Under the long-term heavy and alternating load, the idler shaft of the shearer is prone to cracks at the root of the shaft shoulder, which affects the integrity of the structure. In order to quantitatively analyze the root cracks of the idler shaft, a two-dimensional finite element model for ultrasonic testing of the idler shaft was established to clarify the propagation process of the ultrasonic wave in the idler shaft and the law of its interaction with defects. An ultrasonic testing experimental platform was built to verify the validity of the finite element numerical model. The time-domain waveform and spectrum amplitude changes when the shoulder echo overlaps with the crack echoes of different depths were analyzed. The results show that the echo amplitude and spectral amplitude increase with the increase of the crack depth, and the echo bandwidth wider with the increase of crack depth. The least square method is used to fit the amplitude, and the fitting function of the spectrum amplitude and the crack depth was obtained to realize the quantitative analysis of the crack depth at the root of the shoulder. Finally, the idler axle test block was made, and the ultrasonic detection experiment of cracks of different depths was carried out, which verified the correctness of the fitting function.

关 键 词：惰轮轴 超声检测 数值模型 定量分析 

分 类 号：TD403[矿业工程—矿山机电]