基于Ecopath模型的海州湾三疣梭子蟹增殖生态容量研究  

Evaluation of Project to Enhance the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Swimming Crab(Portunus trituberculatus) in Haizhou Bay

作　　者：林群[1] 袁伟[1] 马玉洁[1] 祖凯伟 张虎[2] LIN Qun;YUAN Wei;MA Yu-jie;ZU Kai-wei;ZHANG Hu(The Yellow&Bohai Seas Scientific Observation and Experiment Station for Fishery Resources and Environment,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao 266071,P.R.China;Marine Fisheries Research Institution of Jiangsu,Nangtong 226007,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部黄渤海渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007

出　　处：《水生态学杂志》2022年第6期131-138,共8页Journal of Hydroecology

基　　金：江苏近海渔业资源(三疣梭子蟹、半滑舌鳎)增殖生态容量研究项目;国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900905)。

摘　　要：为科学开展生态型增殖放流,对海州湾海域三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)开展生态容量评估。根据2018-2019年海州湾渔业资源调查数据,构建了由20个功能群组成的海州湾生态系统Ecopath模型,并对模型进行了不确定性及参数敏感性分析检验,系统分析了生态系统的总体特征、功能群间的营养关系和关键功能群,并评估了三疣梭子蟹的增殖生态容量。结果表明,Ecopath模型可信度Pedigree指数为0.482。三疣梭子蟹目前不是海州湾生态系统的关键功能群,其他底层鱼类、软体动物(Molluscs)以及底栖甲壳类(Benthic crustaceans)是海州湾生态系统的关键功能群。三疣梭子蟹生物量的增加对棘头梅童鱼(Collichthys lucidus)以及其他中上层鱼类产生正影响,对底层鱼类以及小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis)产生负影响;虾虎鱼科(Gobiidae)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)生物量的增加对三疣梭子蟹有较大负影响,多毛类(Polychaetes)生物量的增加对三疣梭子蟹有较大正影响。三疣梭子蟹的增殖生态容量为3.0236 t/km~2,其现存生物量仅0.0681 t/km~2,具有较大的增殖潜力;当三疣梭子蟹生物量增长44.4倍时,仍不会超过其生态容量。研究结果可为海州湾渔业资源增殖养护提供科学依据。Haizhou Bay is in the central section of the Yellow Sea and important fishing grounds for Jiangsu Province. However, fishery resources have been declining in Haizhou Bay and surrounding areas because of overfishing, environment pollution and habitat destruction. In recent years, the breeding and release of swimming crabs(Portunus trituberculatus) has been carried out in Haizhou Bay to conserve the wild population and genetic germplasm resources. In this study, we carried out an ecological capacity assessment of the swimming crabs in the waters of Haizhou Bay based on the constructed Ecopath mass balance model, aiming to provide scientific guidance to enhance their release. Development of the Ecopath mass balance model for the Haizhou Bay ecosystem was based on survey data of fishery resources and the ecology of Haizhou Bay from 2018 to 2019 and consisted of 20 functional groups. After examining the uncertainty of input parameters and analyzing Ecopath sensitivity, we explored the characteristics and key functional groups of Haizhou Bay ecosystem, analyzed the mixed trophic impact(MTI)of the different functional groups and calculated the ecological carrying capacity for swimming crabs. Results show that the pedigree index of model confidence was 0.482, a reasonable value that indicates high reliability. The mixed trophic impact indices and key index values show that the swimming crabs were not the key functional group in the Haizhou Bay ecosystem, and that other demersal fish, mollusks and benthic crustaceans were key functional groups. The biomass increase of swimming crabs had a positive effect on spiny head croaker(Collichthys lucidus) and other pelagic fish, and a negative impact on small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis). The biomass increases of Gobiidae species and mantis shrimps had a significant negative effect on swimming crabs, and the biomass increase of the polychaetes group had a large positive effect.The current ecological carrying capacity for swimming crabs in Haizhou Bay was 0.0681 t/km~2 an

关 键 词：三疣梭子蟹 增殖放流 生态容量 ECOPATH模型 海州湾 

分 类 号：Q141[生物学—生态学]