现代政治转型与鲁迅的“杂文自觉”  

Modern political transformation and Lu Xun's“essay consciousness”

作　　者：邱焕星 Qiu Huanxing

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学文学与新闻传播学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2022年第11期47-58,191,共13页DongYue Tribune

摘　　要：既往研究在探究鲁迅的“杂文自觉”时,过于看重现代性和主体超越特质,忽视其社会历史性,没有真正进入1920年代语境,在共和危机和国民革命的现代政治转型中看问题。实际上,鲁迅的“杂文自觉”经过了一个复杂多变的发展阶段:最初的“随感录”形态,是基于共和危机而进行的旧文化批判;进入后五四时期,鲁迅针对“民国失传”的问题,试图再造思想革命,发起针对新文化的“文明批评和社会批评”;随着鲁迅参与国民革命,他又从“批评”转向了“杂感”,从“文化批判”转向了“政治批判”;而南下广州后的在朝革命和清党体验,使鲁迅最终出现了杂感的“文学自觉”和“革命自觉”,生成了以“杂文”为革命的“文学政治”模式。In the study of Lu Xun’s “essay consciousness”,previous research lays undue emphasis on modernity and subject transcendence as opposed to its social historicity,failing to really enter the 1920s context to delve into the topic from the perspective of modern political transformation of Republic Crisis and National Revolution.In reality,Lu Xun’s “essay consciousness” underwent a complex and changeable stage of development. The initial form of “informal essay” critiqued the old culture in the context of Republic Crisis. In the Post-May Fourth Movement period,faced with the plight of “a lost Republic of China”,he launched criticism towards the new culture in terms of civilization and society to rebuild ideological revolution. Since his participation in the National Revolution,he had turned from “critiques” to “essays ”,and from “cultural criticism” to “political criticism”.His experience of Revolution in an Established Political System and Purge of the Communist Party in Guangzhou facilitated the emergence of his “literary consciousness” and “revolutionary consciousness” with features of essays. As a result,a pattern of “literary politics” which takes“essays”as a vehicle for conducting revolution developed.

关 键 词：鲁迅 杂文自觉 国民革命 文学政治 

分 类 号：I210.96[文学—中国文学]