涝渍胁迫对入侵植物白花鬼针草及其本地近缘种金盏银盘生长和生理特性的影响  

Effects of waterlogging on the growth and physiological characteristicsof the invasive plant Bidens alba and its native cogeneric B.biternata

作　　者：宋玉 岳茂峰 尹爱国 辛国荣[2] SONG Yu;YUE Maofeng;YIN Aiguo;XIN Guorong(School of Biological and Food Engineering,Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology/Maoming Branch,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture,Maoming,Guangdong 525000,China;School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510275,China)

机构地区：[1]广东石油化工学院生物与食品工程学院/岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,广东茂名525000 [2]中山大学生命科学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2022年第4期319-326,共8页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(2022A1515011169);2021年广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金项目(2021S0063);广东普通高校重点领域(乡村振兴战略)项目(2019KZDZX2009);广东省科技创新战略专项(KJ030)。

摘　　要：【目的】揭示涝渍胁迫下白花鬼针草与其本地近缘种金盏银盘的生长和生理特性差异。【方法】研究对照和涝渍胁迫下白花鬼针草和金盏银盘株高、新生不定根数目、净光合速率(P_(n))、总生物量、相对生长速率、叶面积等生长和生理指标的变化。【结果】涝渍胁迫后入侵植物白花鬼针草比本地种金盏银盘保持了更高的株高、新生不定根数目和P_(n)(P<0.01),更高的总生物量、相对生长速率、根生物量、茎生物量、叶生物量、叶面积(P<0.05)。涝渍胁迫10 d内,白花鬼针草根系活力和光系统II最大光量子产量显著高于金盏银盘(P<0.05),涝渍胁迫20 d后2物种的2个参数趋于一致,这些结果表明涝渍对白花鬼针草生长的负面影响较小。涝渍胁迫前期更快的不定根生长速度和更高的根系脱氢酶活力可缓解涝渍对白花鬼针草的胁迫,减少了涝渍对光合系统的破坏,使其保持更高的P_(n),从而有助于白花鬼针草保持更高的生长速率,是白花鬼针草耐受涝渍的生理机制。【结论】与本地近缘种金盏银盘相比,短期涝渍可使入侵植物白花鬼针草形成生长优势,华南地区雨季短期集中降水所形成的土壤涝渍有利于白花鬼针草的入侵。全球气候变化造成的降水不平衡性可能会加剧白花鬼针草在华南地区的入侵。【Aim】The aim of this study was to reveal the difference of growth and physiological characteristics between Bidens alba and its native congeneric B.biternata under waterlogging stress.【Method】The changes of plant height,number of new adventitious roots,net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),total biomass,relative growth rate,leaf area and other growth and physiological indicators of B.alba and B.biternata were studied under control and waterlogging stress.【Result】B.alba maintained a higher plant height,the number of new adventitious roots,and P_(n)(P<0.01),total biomass,relative growth rate,root biomass,stem biomass,leaf biomass and leaf area(P<0.05)than the native B.biternata during waterlogging stress.The dehydrogenase activity of roots and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II of B.alba was significantly higher than that of B.biternata(P<0.05)within 10 days of waterlogging stress,but those parameters tended to be consistent after 20 days of waterlogging stress,indicating that the negative effects of waterlogging on invasive B.alba were less than the native B.biternata.The faster growth rate of new adventitious roots and the higher dehydrogenase activity of roots in the early stage of waterlogging stress could alleviate the stress of waterlogging on the invasive B.alba,which would reduce the damage of waterlogging to the photosynthetic system,and maintain a higher P_(n),thus contributing to a higher growth rate of B.alba.These results explained the tolerance mechanism of B.alba to waterlogging.【Conclusion】Compared with the native B.biternata,short-term waterlogging can make the invasive B.alba form a growth advantage,and the waterlogging caused by the short-term concentrated precipitation of the rainy season in southern China is conducive to the invasion of B.alba.The imbalance of precipitation caused by global climate change might exacerbate the invasion of B.alba in southern China.

关 键 词：涝渍 白花鬼针草 生长 光合特性 不定根 入侵能力 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]