替代物种与除草剂对紫茎泽兰的防效及其互作效应  

Control effects of alternative species and herbicides on Ageratina adenophora and their interaction

作　　者：崔宇琛 钏丽 温丽娜[2] 范泽文 张付斗[2,3] 马光宗 申时才 徐高峰[2,3] 杨韶松 徐云[2,3] 郑凤萍 CUI Yuchen;CHUAN Li;WEN Lina;FAN Zewen;ZHANG Fudou;MA Guangzong;SHEN Shicai;XU Gaofeng;YANG Shaosong;XU Yun;ZHENG Fengping(School of Agriculture,Yunnan University,Kunming,Yunnan 650504,China;Agricultural Environment and Resource Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China;Yunnan Lancang-Mekong Agricultural Bio-Security International Science and Technology Cooperation Joint Research Center,Kunming,Yunnan 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学资源植物研究院,云南昆明650504 [2]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [3]云南省澜湄农业生物安全联合研究中心,云南昆明650205

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2022年第4期336-344,共9页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2600400);云南省重点研发计划项目(202103AF14007);云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AE090003)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究替代物种与选择性除草剂,以实现对紫茎泽兰安全、高效和绿色的防控。【方法】采用植物间竞争试验法测定替代物种(高丹草、非洲狼尾草和黑麦草)和除草剂对紫茎泽兰的防效及其互作效应。【结果】高丹草、非洲狼尾草和黑麦草的竞争力依次强于紫茎泽兰。随着3种替代物种密度比例增加,紫茎泽兰的株高、分枝、根冠比、叶面积比均受到显著抑制,当替代物种与紫茎泽兰密度比为5∶1时,高丹草、非洲狼尾草和黑麦草对紫茎泽兰的替代控制效果分别为55.1%、46.9%和40.3%。除草剂氨氯吡啶酸、三氯吡氧乙酸、氯氟吡氧乙酸和二氯吡啶酸的毒力测定表明,二氯吡啶酸相对最高,LC_(90)为902.1 g·hm^(-2),但三氯吡氧乙酸对替代物种的安全性相对最好,对高丹草、非洲狼尾草和黑麦草选择性指数分别为3.75、2.79和2.67。高丹草和非洲狼尾草与紫茎泽兰种植密度比例为3∶1时,结合二氯吡啶酸和三氯吡氧乙酸,非洲狼尾草和二氯吡啶酸结合表现拮抗作用,与三氯吡氧乙酸结合表现加成作用;高丹草和二氯吡啶酸结合表现加成作用,与三氯吡氧乙酸结合表现增效作用,在同等取得90%防效的情况下,可减少三氯吡氧乙酸用量20.0%~35.0%(即210.0~370.0 g·hm^(-2))。【结论】合理的替代物种结合除草剂应用可实现互作增效,可作为紫茎泽兰综合防控的重要措施。【Aim】To explore the ecological management of Ageratina adenophora through combinations of alternative species and herbicide applications.【Method】The control effects of competitive species(such as Sorghum bicolor×S.sudanense,Pennisetum squamulatum,and Lolium perenne)and herbicides(such as aminopyralid,triclopyr,fluroxypyr,and clopyralid)on A.adenophora and their interaction effects were determined using competition experiments.Three ratios of these competitive species and the invasive species were utilized(1∶1,3∶1,5∶1)in a complete randomized design with 4 replicates.【Result】The competitive balance index of S.bicolor×S.sudanense,P.squamulatum and L.perenne was greater than zero for most ratios,except for the 1∶1 ratio of L.perenne and A.adenophora.Plant height,branch,root shoot ratio,and leaf area ratio of A.adenophora were significantly reduced with increasing proportions of the three alternative species.The replacement control effects of S.bicolor×S.sudanense,P.squamulatum and L.perenne on A.adenophora were 55.1%,46.9%and 40.3%at the highest ratio of three alternative species∶A.adenophora(5∶1),respectively.Toxicity test showed that among the four herbicides analyzed,the clopyralid had the highest bioactivity(LC_(90)=902.1 g·hm^(-2))in A.adenophora.However,triclopyr had higher safety to three alternative species,with the selectivity index of 3.75,2.79 and 2.67 to S.bicolor×S.sudanense,P.squamulatum,and L.perenne,respectively.For a ratio of S.bicolor×S.sudanense and P.squamulatum to A.adenophora of 3∶1 plus triclopyr and clopyralid application,P.squamulatum showed an antagonistic effect with clopyralid and an additive effect with triclopyr.S.bicolor×S.sudanense had an additive effect with clopyralid and synergistic effect with triclopyr,respectively.Compared to triclopyr application alone over 90%of the control rate,the use dosage of triclopyr was reduced by 20.0%-35.0%(i.e.,210.0-370.0 g·hm^(-2))when S.bicolor×S.sudanense and triclopyr combination.【Conclusion】These results s

关 键 词：紫茎泽兰 替代控制 除草剂应用 互作效应 综合防控 

分 类 号：S451.2[农业科学—植物保护]