5个早实核桃无性系嫁接苗苗期生长特性  

Growth Characteristics of Five Precocious Walnuts During Seedling Stage of Clonal Grafting

作　　者：冷天凤 田小琴 陈兰 孙建昌 Leng Tianfeng;Tian Xiaoqin;Chen Lan;Sun Jianchang(Guizhou Institute of Walnut,Guiyang,Guizhou 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省核桃研究所

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第11期20-26,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(2017)2528]。

摘　　要：【目的】了解贵州早实核桃不同无性系嫁接苗的生长特性,为早实核桃良种选育和核桃产业化苗木培育提供理论数据。【方法】以贵州水城、息烽、花溪5个早实核桃初选优树(S1、S2、X1、X2和H1)的穗条为繁殖材料,1年生铁核桃为砧木,进行夏季方块芽接,观测嫁接苗新梢长度和粗度,利用Logistic曲线对5个早实核桃无性系苗期新梢长度和粗度进行年生长动态拟合,分析年生长动态。【结果】5个早实核桃无性系苗木新梢粗度和新梢长度均存在差异;年生长符合“S”型生长曲线,生长周期分为成活期、生长前期、速生期、生长后期4个阶段;新梢长度速生期持续时间为12~30 d,速生点在43~49 d,速生期生长量占总生长量的48.17%~60.17%;新梢粗度速生期持续时间为22~34 d,速生点在39~45 d,速生期生长量占总生长量的50.11%~61.70%。【结论】5个早实核桃无性系中H1长势最好;早实核桃芽接苗木生长速生期为嫁接后的28~66 d,速生点在嫁接后39~49 d。【Objective】To understand the growth characteristics of precocious walnuts during seedling stage of clonal grafting in Guizhou,and provide theoretical data for the breeding of precocious walnut varieties and the industrialized cultivation of walnut seedlings.【Method】Using the spikes of 5 early-fruiting walnut trees,which were chosen as primarily selected plus trees(S1、S2、X1、X2 and H1),as the reproduction materials,and annual Juglans Qregia L.as the rootstock,the square bud grafting was conducted,the new shoot length and thickness of grafting seedling was observed.With Logistic curve,the dynamical fitting of annual growth of new shoot length and thickness of five precocious walnuts was expressed,and their dynamic status of annual growth was analyzed.【Result】There are differences in new shoot length and thickness of five early-fruiting walnuts.The growth curve of annual growth show as “S”.The growth cycle can be divided into survival period,early growth stage,rapid growth stage and later growth stage.The rapid grow stage of new shoot length continues 12~30 d,with turning point of rapid growth on 43~49 d.The growth during rapid growth stage accounts for 48.17%~60.17% of total growth.The rapid grow stage of new shoot thickness continues 22~34 d,with turning point of rapid growth on 39~45 d.Its growth during accounts for 50.11%~61.70% of total growth.【Conclusion】H1 grows best among five precocious walnuts.The rapid growth stage of precocious walnut seedlings is 28~66 d after grafting,and the turning point is 39~49 d after grafting.

关 键 词：早实核桃 嫁接无性系 嫁接苗 生长特性 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]