从“共饮一江水”到“共护一江水”——新安江生态补偿下农户就业与收入的变化  

From "Drinking one River" to "Protecting one River": The Changes of Farmers’ Employment and Income under the Ecological Compensation in Xin’an River

作　　者：李坦 徐帆 祁云云 Li Tan;Xu Fan;Qi Yunyun(School of Economics and Management,Anhui Agricultural University)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《管理世界》2022年第11期102-120,共19页Journal of Management World

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71873003);安徽省社科联项目(2020cx089)的资助。

摘　　要：促进全流域农村居民增收与就业是全面推广生态补偿机制的重要前提。本文运用双重差分法检验新安江生态补偿政策对流域农村居民收入就业的影响和异质性。结果表明,试点政策使流域农户收入增加了2.8%,农村就业率增加了2.8%,非农就业与农业就业之比增加了15.8%。从空间上看,补偿政策对上中下游的影响路径和方式具有显著差异。动态结果表明,政策从“输血型”转向“造血型”后,在促进收入和增加就业方面呈现显著正效应且逐渐增强。从影响渠道来看,现有政策的溢出效应尚未显现。从惠农对象来看,政策对初始收入低的农户增收效应更显著,但没有缓解农户的流动性约束。研究结果为厘清新安江横向补偿政策效应,评估动态效果提供了实证依据,可为完善现有的生态补偿政策体系提供参考。Promoting the increase of income and employment of rural residents in the whole basin is an important prerequisite for promoting the ecological compensation mechanism. This paper uses the difference-in-difference(DID) model to test the impact and heterogeneity of the Xin’an River ecological compensation policy on the income and employment of rural residents in the basin. The results showed that the pilot policy increased the income of farmers in the basin by 2.8%, the rural employment rate increased by 2.8%, and the ratio of non-agricultural employment to agricultural employment increased by 15.8%. From a spatial view, there are significant differences in the impactions of compensation policies on the upstream, middle and downstream. The dynamic results show that after the policy changed from "blood transfusion" to "blood making", there is a significant positive and gradually increasing effect in boosting income and increasing employment. From the perspective of the influence channels, under the existing policies, the fiscal intervention of the county-level government has no significant impact on the income increase of farmers, and there is no spillover effect. From the perspective of benefit to farmers, the policy has a more significant effect on increasing the income of farmers with low initial income, but it has not eased the liquidity constraints of farmers. The research results provide an empirical basis for clarifying the horizontal compensation policy effect of the Xin’an River and evaluating the dynamic effect, and can provide a reference for improving the existing ecological compensation policy system.

关 键 词：生态补偿 农户收入 劳动力流动 时空异质性 双重差分模型 

分 类 号：F249.27[经济管理—劳动经济] F323.8[经济管理—国民经济]