4~6岁幼儿姿势控制能力的发展特征  

Development Characteristics of Posture Control Ability in 4⁃6 Years Old Children

作　　者：胡鑫 张东涛 张凯乐[3] 纪仲秋[2] 姜桂萍[2] HU Xin;ZHANG Dongtao;ZHANG Kaile;JI Zhongqiu;JIANG Guiping(Sports Training Academy,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210033,China;College of Physical Education and Sport,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;College of Physical Education,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]南京体育学院运动训练学院,南京210033 [2]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [3]河南大学体育学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2022年第5期857-862,共6页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BTY070);北京师范大学博士生学科交叉基金项目(BNUXKJC2012);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目(2021SJA0376)。

摘　　要：目的研究4~6岁幼儿静、动态姿势控制能力(posture control ability,PCA)的年龄及性别特征,分析各感受器对幼儿PCA的贡献率。方法对100名幼儿进行静、动态PCA测试。采用独立样本t检验分析两腿PCA的差异性,ANOVA分析年龄×性别和4种站立条件(单脚睁/闭眼硬地站立、单脚睁/闭眼垫上站立)对PCA的影响。结果单脚睁眼硬地站立下4~6岁幼儿两单腿的静态PCA差异具有非常显著性(P<0.01),其中优势腿静态PCA 6岁组>5岁组>4岁组;4种站立条件下站立时间的主效应非常显著(P<0.01),各感受器在维持姿势控制时贡献率总和大于100%,且存在前庭觉>视觉>本体觉;动态PCA 6岁组显著优于4岁组、5岁组。结论4~6岁幼儿静态PCA已有优势腿与非优势腿之分;动、静态PCA随着年龄增长而增长,其中6岁女童前庭觉系统发展速度快于男童;幼儿通过视觉、本体觉、前庭觉等通过复杂的整合作用维持身体的姿势控制,其中前庭觉起主要作用,其次是视觉、本体感觉。Objective To study the age and gender characteristics for static and dynamic posture control ability(PCA)of 4⁃6 years old children,analyze the contribution rate of each sensor to PCA.Methods A total of 100 children were tested for static and dynamic PCA.The differences in PCA of two single legs were analyzed by the independent sample t⁃test.The effects of age×gender and four standing conditions(with eyes open/closed on solid ground,with eyes open/closed on mat)on PCA were analyzed by ANOVA.Results There was a very significant difference in static PCA of two single legs for 4⁃6 years old children standing with eyes open on hard ground(P<0.01),and the static PCA was 6⁃year old age group>5⁃year old age group>4⁃year old age group.The main effect of standing time under four standing conditions was very significant(P<0.01),the sum of the contribution rates of each receptor was greater than 100%,and the contribution rates were vestibular sensation>vision>proprioception.The dynamic PCA of 6⁃year old age group was significantly better than that of 4⁃year old age group and 5⁃year old age group.Conclusions The static PCA of 4⁃6 years old children showed the differences in dominant leg and non⁃dominant leg.The dynamic and static PCA increased with age,and the development speed of the vestibular sensory system in 6⁃year old girls was faster than that in 6⁃year old boys.The body maintains posture control through complex integration of vision,proprioception,vestibular perception and so on,and vestibular sense plays a major role,followed by vision and proprioception.

关 键 词：姿势控制能力 发展特征 优势腿 视觉 前庭觉 本体感觉 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]