云南省双柏县石羊厂明清时期冶炼遗址初步研究  

A Preliminary Study on the Shiyang Factory Smelting Site in Shuangbai,Yunnan Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：李晓岑[1] 陈苹 杨思宇 房彬[1] 金兰中[2] 杨煜达[3] LI Xiaocen;CHEN Ping;YANG Siyu;FANG Bin;Nanny KIM;YANG Yuda(Scientific Cognition and Protection Research Bases of Cultural Heritage,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Institute of Chinese Studies,Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat Heidekberg,Heidelberg 44883,Germany;Center for Historical Geography Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学文化遗产科学认知与保护研究基地,南京210044 [2]海德堡大学汉学系,海德堡44883 [3]复旦大学历史地理研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《自然科学史研究》2022年第3期341-352,共12页Studies in The History of Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“明清西南矿冶技术研究”(项目批准号:51861135307)。

摘　　要：云南双柏县石羊厂遗址是明清时期铅银冶炼和生产遗址,在历史上有较大的冶炼规模,历史文献对其冶炼技术未有记录。通过对采集于新、老石羊厂遗址的炉渣进行科学检测和分析,表明炉渣均为氧化铅熔渣,渣内金属颗粒的主要形式为氧化铅,含量较高。田野调查表明,当地的炼炉初步分为炼铅炉和分银炉两种,这是国内第一次发现较完整的古代用于分银的冶炼炉,即文献中的“虾蟆炉”或“罩子”。初步推断双柏石羊厂遗址以木炭为燃料和还原剂,实现铅中提银,炉渣为灰吹过程中沉积在炉底的氧化铅熔渣,最后于分银炉内实现银铅的分离。The Shuangbai Shiyang(双柏石羊)factory site was an important site for large-scale lead and silver production during the Ming and Qing periods.No record of the smelting technology used there has survived in historical documents,however,based on the scientific analysis of the slags collected from the Shiyang factory sites,and combined with the results of field investigation,it is preliminarily concluded that the Shiyang factory sites used cupellation furnaces to oxidize and smelt the lead bullion containing silver.They also utilized charcoal as the fuel and reducing agent to realize the silver extraction from lead.The smelting waste consisted of lead oxide slags deposited at the bottom of the furnace during the cupellation process.The Old Shiyang factory site used lead smelting blast furnaces to smelt lead-silver ores,while the New Shiyang factory site used square lead smelting furnaces to smelt rich lead ores,and finally realized the separation of silver and lead in the cupellation furnace.

关 键 词：云南双柏 铅(银)渣 冶炼炉 石羊厂遗址 

分 类 号：N092[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]