乌拉尔甘草化感自毒活性的研究  

Allelopathic autotoxicity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.

作　　者：赵智龙 马淼[1] ZHAO Zhilong;MA Miao(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization,College of Life Sciences,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆植物药资源利用教育部重点实验室,石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《石河子大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期564-570,共7页Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360047)。

摘　　要：本研究以乌拉尔甘草作为试验对象,探究其各器官(根、茎、叶和根状茎)是否存在化感自毒作用。利用乌拉尔甘草各器官不同浓度(0、0.025、0.1 g/mL)的水浸提液开展种子萌发试验,以模拟研究甘草根系分泌物及茎叶淋溶物对自身种子的化感自毒潜力,并将各器官粉末与土壤混合作为栽培基质开展盆栽试验,以评价甘草残茬和凋落物对幼苗生长的化感自毒效应。结果表明:所有器官的水浸提液均显著地降低了甘草种子的萌发指数,并表现出显著的浓度依赖效应,即水浸提液浓度越高,则对种子萌发指数的抑制效果越明显;茎、叶和根状茎高浓度水浸提液(0.1 g/mL)处理下的甘草种子最终萌发率显著低于对照组,与对照组相比分别降低11.1%、17.3%和11.1%;所有处理组的种子均存在延迟萌发现象,并且随着水浸提液浓度的提高,种子萌发的延迟效应愈加显著。在幼苗盆栽试验中,所有处理组均对乌拉尔甘草幼苗的生长具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中添加甘草根、茎和根状茎粉末的处理完全抑制了幼苗根状茎的发育。与对照组相比,添加根、茎、叶和根状茎粉末处理的幼苗地下器官甘草酸含量分别降低70.9%、21.5%、49.3%、62.5%,总黄酮含量分别降低46.4%、34.9%、30.7%和35.1%。因此,乌拉尔甘草根系分泌物、茎叶雨水淋溶物、根系残茬以及地上凋落物对其自身种子的萌发和幼苗生长均具有显著的自毒作用。This study was conducted to determine whether the various organs such as root,stem,leaf and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.were of allelopathic autotoxicity on its own seed germination and seedling growth.Aqueous extracts from different organs of the licorice with three concentrations(0、0.025、0.1 g/mL)were used in the germination experiment to simulate the root excretion and rainwater leaching of G.uralensis.The powder of different organs was mixed with river sandas matrix for the pot experiment to evaluate the autotoxic effects of residues and litters of the licorice.The results indicated that the aqueous extracts of all organs significantly reduced the germination index of G.uralensis seeds,which showed a significant concentration-dependent effect.Inhibition of germination index became stronger with increased extracts concentration.The germination rate ofseeds treated with 0.1 g/mL aqueous extracts of stems,leaves or rhizomes were significantly lower than the control,and decreased by 11.1%,17.3%and 11.1%respectively.Delayed germination was observed in the seeds of all treatments,and the delayed effect became more significant with the increase of concentration.In the pot experiment,all the treatments inhibited the seedling growth of G.uralensis to different degrees,and the treatments of adding the roots,stems or rhizomes powder completely inhibited the emergence of rhizomes.Compared with the control,the content of glycyrrhizic acid in the underground organs of the seedlings treated with roots,stems,leaves or rhizomes powder reduced by 70.9%,21.5%,49.3%and 62.5%respectively,and the total flavonoid content were reduced by 46.4%,34.9%,30.7%and 35.1%respectively.Therefore,root excretion,leaching of stems and leaves,decomposition of stubbles and litters of G.uralensis have significant autotoxicity on its own seed germination and seedling growth.

关 键 词：乌拉尔甘草 化感自毒作用 种子萌发 幼苗生长 

分 类 号：Q949.95[生物学—植物学]