生化抑制剂和腐植酸联合添加对尿素在黑土水稻种植中氮素供应稳定性的影响  

Effects of Combined Addition of Biochemical Inhibitors and Humic Acids on Nitrogen Supply by Stability Urea for Rice in Black Soil

作　　者：肖富容 李东坡[1,6] 杜艳娣 薛妍[1] 宋玉超[1] 张可 李永华 郑野 张金明 崔永坤 XIAO Fu-rong;LI Dong-po;DU Yan-di;XUE Yan;SONG Yu-chao;ZHANG Ke;LI Yong-hua;ZHENG Ye;ZHANG Jin-ming;CUI Yong-kun(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Chaoyang County Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Chaoyang 122000;North Huajin Chemical Industries Group Corporation,Panjin 124021,China;Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co.Ltd,Huludao 125001,China;National Field Observation and Research Station of Shenyang Agro-ecosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110107,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]朝阳县农业技术推广中心,辽宁朝阳122000 [4]北方华锦化学工业集团有限公司,辽宁盘锦124021 [5]锦西天然气化工有限责任公司,辽宁葫芦岛125001 [6]辽宁沈阳农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,辽宁沈阳110107

出　　处：《土壤通报》2022年第5期1113-1122,共10页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200707)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】研究同时添加不同种生化抑制剂和腐植酸后尿素在黑土区水田的施用效果,为黑土区稻田新一代高效稳定性尿素肥料的研制提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽方法,以不施氮肥(CK)及施用尿素(N)为对照,通过测定水稻土中的氮素转化特征及水稻生理指标、产量及氮肥利用效率等的影响,探究添加腐植酸(HA)、N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)和2-氯-6-三甲基吡啶(CP)及腐植酸分别与三种生化抑制剂组合制成的7种稳定性尿素肥料改善氮素供应稳定性的差异。【结果】(1)相比单施普通尿素,添加腐植酸及NBPT、DMPP、CP均能提高水稻产量、吸氮量及尿素氮肥利用效率。(2)相比单独施用NBPT,尿素联合添加NBPT和腐植酸后能有效抑制土壤硝化作用,分别提高水稻株高、分蘖数和叶绿素含量1.84%、13.38%和2.80%,但会降低水稻产量、叶面积指数、水稻吸氮量、氮肥利用率及偏生产力。(3)相比单独施用DMPP,尿素联合添加腐植酸、DMPP能分别提高水稻株高、分蘖数和叶绿素含量3.04%、5.20%和3.71%,显著降低土壤硝化抑制率、水稻产量、水稻吸氮量、氮肥利用率及偏生产力(P<0.05)。(4)相比单独施用CP,尿素联合添加腐植酸、CP提高了土壤速效氮含量、水稻株高、分蘖数、叶绿素含量、生物产量,显著提高水稻籽粒产量、水稻吸氮量、氮肥利用率及偏生产力(P<0.05)。【结论】腐植酸与CP联合添加制成新型稳定尿素肥料用于在东北黑土区水稻栽培,有利于作物增产及氮肥利用率的提高。[Objective]The application effects of stability urea adding different biochemical inhibitors and humic acids were carried on rice planted in black soil,in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of a new generation of high efficiency and stability urea for rice planted in black soils.[Method]In the pot experiment,blank(CK)and urea(N)were set as controls,through the determination nitrogen transformation characteristics of paddy soil,rice physiological indices,yield and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiencies,to investigate the differences in nitrogen supply stability of 7 kinds of stability urea made from humic acids(HA),N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine(NBPT),3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP),2-chloro-6-trimethyl-pyridine(CP)and humic acids with 3 biochemical inhibitors,respectively.[Result](1)Urea(N)was set as controls,adding humic acids,NBPT,DMPP and CP could increase rice yield,N uptake and nitrogen use efficiency.(2)Compared with the application of NBPT alone,the addition of humic acids could effectively inhibit soil nitrification,plant height,tiller number and chlorophyll contents of rice were increased by 1.84%,13.38%and 2.80%,but yield,leaf area,nitrogen uptake,NUE and NPFP of rice were decreased.(3)Compared with the application of DMPP alone,the addition of humic acids could increase plant height,tiller number and chlorophyll contents of rice by 3.04%,5.20%and 3.71%,respectively.And it also could significantly decrease nitrification inhibition rate,rice yield,nitrogen uptake,NUE and NPFP(P<0.05).(4)Compared with the application of CP alone,the addition of humic acids increased soil available nitrogen content,plant height,tiller number,chlorophyll contents and total biomass of rice,significantly increased grain yield,nitrogen uptake,NUE and NPFP(P<0.05).[Conclusion]Adding humic acids and CP to urea to make a new type of stability urea for rice cultivation in the black soil area of northeast China is beneficial to the increase of crop yield and the improvement of nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：水稻 生物刺激素 脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 铵态氮 硝态氮 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]