不同改土物料对苏打碱土磷素吸附解吸及磷素形态的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Modified Materials on Phosphorus Adsorption,Desorption and Forms in Soda Alkaline Soil

作　　者：杨筱羽 迟凤琴[1,2,3,4] 刘鑫 李婧阳 王秋菊 吴立仁 YANG Xiao-yu;CHI Feng-qin;LIU Xin;LI Jing-yang;WANG Qiu-ju;WU Li-ren(School of Resources and Environment,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Black Soil Conservation and Utilization Research Institute,Harbin 150086,China;Laboratory of Blackland Protection and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150086,China;Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Plant Nutrition,Harbin 150086,China;Institute of Cash Crops,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]农业农村部黑土地保护与利用实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [4]黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [5]黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《土壤通报》2022年第5期1123-1130,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科学院“农业科技创新跨越工程”项目(HNK2019CX13)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究不同改土物料对苏打碱土中磷(P)素的吸附、解吸及P素形态的影响,为科学改良苏打碱土提供理论依据。【方法】以东北松嫩平原苏打碱土为研究对象,设置不添加改土物料(CK)和添加有机肥(M)、硫酸铝(Al)、石膏(Ca)、硫酸铝+有机肥(Al+M)、石膏+有机肥(Ca+M)六个处理,研究了不同改土物料对土壤P素的吸附解吸和P素形态的影响。【结果】有机肥处理会降低苏打碱土对P素的吸附,增加对P素的解吸,其它四个处理均会增加土壤对P素的吸附,降低对P素的解吸,其中以Al和Al+M处理差异较大。不同改土物料处理土壤无机P含量均有不同程度增加,其中M、Ca和Ca+M处理均显著提高了土壤中Ca_(2)-P含量(P<0.05),以Ca+M处理增幅最大,达到21.43%;不同改土物料处理均可增加缓效态P(Ca_(8)-P、Al-P和Fe-P)含量,增幅为1.00%-112.03%,其中Ca、Al、Ca+M和Al+M处理均可显著提高Al-P和Ca_(8)-P含量,增幅为66.37%~250.1%和18.06%~74.36%。与Ca处理相比,Ca+M处理显著增加了Ca_(2)-P含量(P<0.05),显著降低了Al-P和O-P含量(P<0.05)。【结论】在苏打碱土中石膏和有机肥配施可减少土壤对P素的吸附,增加土壤有效态P含量,是提高苏打碱土P素有效性的最佳措施。[Objective]The effects of different soil modified materials on the adsorption,desorption and forms of phosphorus(P)in soda alkaline soil were studied in order to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific improvement of soda alkaline soil.[Methods]Taking soda alkaline soil in Songnen Plain of Northeast China as the research object,six treatments were arranged,including control(CK),organic fertilizer(M),aluminum sulfate(Al),gypsum(Ca),aluminum sulfate+organic fertilizer(Al+M)and gypsum+organic fertilizer(Ca+M).[Results]M treatment could reduce the P adsorption and increase the P desorption of soda alkaline soil,but the other four treatments could increase the P adsorption and reduce the P desorption.Among them,there was a significant difference between Al and Al+M treatment.The contents of soil inorganic P in different soil modified materials increased in varying degrees.Among them,M,Ca and Ca+M treatments significantly increased the contents of soil Ca_(2)-P(P<0.05),and the largest was in Ca+M treatment(21.43%).The additions of different soil modified materials could increase the contents of slow acting P(Ca_(8)-P,Al-P and Fe-P),with the increase of 1.00%-112.03%.Among them,the treatments of Ca,Al,Ca+M and Al+M could significantly increase the contents of Al-P and Ca_(8)-P,with the increases of 66.37%-250.1%and 18.06%-74.36%.Compared with Ca treatment,Ca+M treatment significantly increased the content of Ca_(2)-P(P<0.05)and significantly decreased the contents of Al-P and O-P(P<0.05).[Conclusion]The combined application of gypsum and organic fertilizer in soda alkaline soil can reduce the adsorption of gypsum on phosphorus in soil and increase the content of available phosphorus in soil.It is the best measure to improve the availability of phosphorus in soda alkaline soil.

关 键 词：改土物料 苏打碱土 有机肥 磷吸附解吸 磷素组成 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学]