云南省巧家县鼠疫疫源地调查及流行风险分析  

Investigation on plague foci and epidemic risk analysis in Qiaojia County,Yunnan

作　　者：洪梅[1] 赵文红[1] 李玉琼[1] 王伟 雷代强 赵应琼 段兴德[1] 浦恩念 樊荣 高子厚[1,4] 王庭清 邵宗体 HONG Mei;ZHAO Wen-hong;LI Yu-qiong;WANG Wei;LEI Dai-qiang;ZHAO Ying-qiong;DUAN Xing-de;PU En-nian;FAN Rong;GAO Zi-hou;WANG Ting-qing;SHAO Zong-ti(Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Yunnan Center of Plague Control and Prevention,Yunnan In-stitute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China;Zhaotong City Center of Disease Control and Prevention,Zhaotong,Yunnan 657000,China;Qiaojia County Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Qiaojia,Yun-nan 654600,China;School of Public Health,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地方病防治所,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,云南省鼠疫防治研究中心,云南大理671000 [2]昭通市疾病预防控制中心,云南昭通657000 [3]巧家县疾病预防控制中心,云南巧家654600 [4]大理大学公共卫生学院,云南大理671000

出　　处：《中国热带医学》2022年第10期899-903,共5页China Tropical Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.81660554);徐建国院士工作站(No.2018ICI155);云南省高校自然疫源性疾病流行病学科技创新团队,大理大学自然疫源性疾病流行病学创新团队(No.ZKPY2019201)。

摘　　要：目的对金沙江流域云南省巧家县开展鼠疫疫源地调查,了解鼠疫宿主媒介组成及动物间鼠疫流行情况,探讨鼠疫发生和流行风险,为该地区鼠疫监测防控提供科学依据。方法在巧家县辖区选取7个乡镇为调查范围,采用笼夜法和夹线法调查小型兽类及其体表寄生蚤,采集宿主动物脏器、血清及其体表寄生蚤样本,同时现场采集鼠疫指示动物血清,对采集到的宿主动物脏器和蚤样本进行鼠疫菌培养检测,采用间接血凝实验(IHA)对宿主动物和指示动物血清样本进行鼠疫F1抗体检测。结果共捕获小型兽类(小兽)3目6科12属23种525只,农耕区优势种群为齐氏姬鼠(31.05%)、北社鼠(13.90%)和微尾鼩(11.43%),居民区优势种群为褐家鼠(66.67%)和黄胸鼠(20.00%);农耕区和居民区鼠密度分别为20.98%和1.00%。捡获小兽体外寄生蚤5科13属15种277匹,优势种群为偏远古蚤(22.02%)、特新蚤指名亚种(20.58%)、迪庆额蚤(18.77%)和方叶栉眼蚤(11.55%),鼠体蚤指数为0.53。采集全部鼠类脏器和蚤类样本均未分离到鼠疫菌。采集犬血清167份和鼠血清15份,IHA检测鼠疫F1抗体均为阴性。结论巧家县有鼠疫主要宿主和主要媒介分布,鼠密度较高,鼠体蚤指数较低。鼠疫宿主动物、媒介蚤类和指示动物均未检测出阳性,可认为近期该地区鼠疫发生和流行的风险不高,有必要进一步加强该地区鼠疫等鼠传疾病的监测防控。Objective A survey on the plague foci in Qiaojia County of Jinsha River Basin was conducted to understand the composition of plague host vectors and the prevalence of plague among animals,to explore the occurrence and epidemic risk of plague,and to provide scientific basis for plague monitoring and control in this area.Methods Seven villages and towns in Qiaojia County were selected as the research areas,and the cage night method and the clamp line method were used to investi⁃gate the small mammals and their surface parasitic fleas.The host animal organs,serum and surface parasitic flea's samples were collected.The plague indicator animal serum was collected simultaneously on the spot,and the collected host animal or⁃gans and flea's samples were cultured and detected for Yersinia pestis.The indirect hemagglutination test(IHA)was used to de⁃tect the fraction 1 capsular antigen(F1)antibody of the host animal and the indicator animal serum samples.Results A total of 525 small mammals belonging to 3 orders,6 families,12 genera and 23 species were captured.The dominant species in farm⁃ing areas were Apodemus chevrieri(31.05%),Niviventer confucianus(13.90%)and Anourosorex squamipes Milne-Edwards(11.43%).The dominant species in residential areas were Rattus norvegicus(66.67%)and Rattus tanezumi(20.00%).The rat densities in agricultural and residential areas were 20.98%and 1.00%,respectively.A total of 277 external parasitic fleas be⁃longing to 15 species,13 genera,5 families were collected.The dominant species were Palaeopsylla remota(22.02%),Neopsyl⁃la specialis specialis(20.58%),Frontopsylla diqingensis(18.77%)and Ctenophthalmus(Sinoctenophthalmus)quadratus(11.55%),and the rat fleas index was 0.53.No Yersinia pestis was isolated from all rodent organs and flea samples.A total of 167 serum samples from dogs and 15 serum samples from rats were collected,and plague F1 antibody was detected by IHA.IHA detection of plague F1 antibody were negative.Conclusions Qiaojia County has the distribution of the main host

关 键 词：鼠疫 疫源调查 流行风险 巧家县 

分 类 号：R516.8[医药卫生—内科学]