硫包衣缓释掺混肥料施用模式对江苏不同生态区稻茬小麦产量、氮效率与经济效益的影响  

Effects of sulfur coated blended fertilizer application patterns on yield,nitrogen efficiency and economic benefits of winter wheat following rice in different ecological regions of Jiangsu province

作　　者：盛海君[1,2] 马泉 蒋昕 朱敏 李天兵 朱新开 SHENG Hai-jun;MA Quan;JIANG Xin;ZHU Min;LI Tian-bing;ZHU Xin-kai(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225127;Jaingsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization,Nanjing Jiangsu 210095;Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009;Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety,Ministry of Education of China,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009;Hanfeng Slow-release fertilizer(Jiangsu)Co.Ltd.,Jiangyan Jiangsu 225510)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏南京210095 [3]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [4]教育部农业与农产品安全国际合作联合实验室,江苏扬州225009 [5]汉枫缓释肥料(江苏)有限公司,江苏姜堰225510

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第10期118-127,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200500);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS[2020]502);江苏高校优势学科建设工程;江苏省和扬州大学优秀科技创新团队。

摘　　要：为研究缓释肥在稻茬小麦上的高产高效施肥方式及其增产增效机制,推动缓释肥合理施肥技术在小麦高产高效及轻简化栽培中的广泛应用,以硫包衣缓释掺混肥(SCBF,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=26∶12∶12)和普通尿素(U,N 46.3%)为材料,设计6种施肥模式:尿素4次分施(基肥∶分蘖肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥=50%∶10%∶20%∶20%)对照(CK);100%N-SCBF基施(M1);60%N-SCBF基施+40%N-U拔节期追施(M2);60%N-SCBF基施+40%N-SCBF返青期追施(M3);M2模式减氮15%(M4);M3模式减氮15%(M5)。在江苏8个不同生态试验点进行田间试验,分析不同生态条件下各施肥模式的产量、氮效率和效益及其稳定性。结果表明,不同生态试验点和施肥模式显著影响稻茬小麦的产量和氮效率,在等施氮量条件下,和尿素对照相比,缓释肥一次性基施模式(M1)平均增产-4.70%(-15.23%~4.49%),穗数、千粒重和氮肥农学利用率均呈下降趋势,虽追肥成本减少,但肥料成本增加和减产,效益降低1083.60元/hm^(2);缓释肥二次施用模式(M3)氮素合理供应,平均穗数和粒重均显著高于尿素对照,8个试验点均实现不同程度的增产,平均增产8.49%(1.07%~21.31%)、效益增收11.46%(-3.21%~43.50%);缓释肥与尿素配施模式(M2)较尿素对照平均增产3.11%(-2.21%~12.03%)、效益平均增收3.14%(-9.20%~19.01%)。减氮15%条件下,缓释肥二次施用减氮15%模式(M5)产量较尿素对照增加0.37%(-5.61%~10.76%)、效益增收1.65%(-19.05%~26.91%),差异均未达显著水平,但显著提高了氮肥的农学利用率。综上所述,缓释肥一次基施虽然减少了人工成本,但产量和效益有所下降,在人工匮乏条件下推荐应用。缓释肥二次施用模式表现出较优的丰产性和稳定性,相比于传统施肥减少2次追肥,是稻茬小麦生产中值得推荐的缓释肥高产高效施肥方式;且在减氮15%条件下表现出较好的稳产性,实现了产量和氮效率的协调。By studying the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization method of slow-release fertilizer on rice stubble wheat and its yield-and efficiency-increasing mechanism,this study aimed to promote the application of appropriate slowrelease fertilizer application technology in the high-yield,high-efficiency and light and simplified cultivation of wheat.Using sulfur-coated blended fertilizer(SCBF,N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=26∶12∶12)and common urea(U,N 46.3%)as materials,six fertilization patterns were designed:urea applied separately at four stages(CK,basal∶tillering∶jointing∶booting=50%∶10%∶20%∶20%);100%N-SCBF applied before sowing(M1);60%N-SCBF applied before sowing and 40%N-U applied at jointing stage(M2);60%N-SCBF applied before sowing and 40%N-SCBF applied at re-greening stage(M3);15%total nitrogen reduction based on M2(M4);15%total nitrogen reduction based on M3(M5).Field experiments were carried out in 8 different ecological test sites in Jiangsu province,to analyze the yield,nitrogen efficiency,benefit and stability of different fertilization patterns under different ecological conditions.Different ecological test sites and fertilization patterns significantly affected the yield formation and nitrogen efficiency of rice stubble wheat.Under the equal nitrogen rate,the average yield in M1 increased by-4.70%(-15.23%~4.49%)compared with CK,and spike number,1000-grain weight and nitrogen agronomic efficiency in M1 all showed the same trend.Although the cost of topdressing was reduced,M1 increased the fertilizer cost and decreased the wheat yield,resulting in a reduction of 1083.60 yuan/hm^(2) in benefit.The average spike number and grain weight of M3 were significantly higher than CK,the average yield increase of M3 was 8.49%(1.07%~21.31%),and the benefit increase was 11.46%(-3.21%~43.50%);M2 increased the yield by 3.11%(-2.21%~12.03%),and increased the benefit by 3.14%(-9.20%~19.01%).While reducing nitrogen by 15%,twice-split application of slow-release fertilizer increased the yield and benefit by 0

关 键 词：缓释肥 生态区 冬小麦 产量 效益 氮效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]