全有机营养栽培对樱桃番茄养分吸收、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of organic nutrition cultivation on nutrient absorption,yield and quality of cherry tomato

作　　者：王归鹏 王文元 袁泽南 何佳星 马乐乐 李建明[1,2] WANG Gui-peng;WANG Wen-yuan;YUAN Ze-nan;HE Jia-xing;MA Le-le;LI Jian-ming(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100;Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Engineering in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yangling Shaanxi 712100)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]农业农村部西北设施园艺工程重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第10期128-137,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：2021年陕西省农业科技创新驱动项目。

摘　　要：为探求樱桃番茄全有机营养栽培养分的均衡供应,追求绿色优质的栽培目标,实现樱桃番茄全有机栽培的精准化管理。以“福特斯”樱桃番茄为试材,采用有机基质袋式栽培浇灌有机营养液的方式,设置2种有机营养液配方处理:F1(猪、牛、羊粪浸提液体积比2∶1∶1),F2(猪、牛、羊粪浸提液体积比4∶1∶1),配方混合配制后稀释到氮元素与山崎营养液中氮元素含量一致;3种有机营养液供应量:M1(开花坐果期每次0.6 L·株^(-1),果实成熟期每次1.4 L·株^(-1))、M2(开花坐果期每次0.8 L·株^(-1),果实成熟期每次1.2 L·株^(-1))、M3(开花坐果期每次1.0 L·株^(-1),果实成熟期每次1.0 L·株^(-1)),两因素组合得到6个处理,以山崎营养液作为无机营养液配方处理(F0M3)。通过分析植株干物质累积量、养分含量、光合特性及最终果实产量和品质等指标,探究有机营养液配方及阶段供应量对设施全有机樱桃番茄生长的影响,以满足樱桃番茄不同生长时期的养分需求。结果表明,开花坐果期减少营养液供应量,樱桃番茄植株干物质积累量减小。果实成熟期每次施用1.2 L·株^(-1)有机营养液植株干物质达到最大,营养液供应量过高会抑制植株干物质累积。开花坐果期减少营养液供应量,果实成熟期增加营养液供应量能够增加樱桃番茄植株各器官和植株总营养元素的转运分配,增加樱桃番茄叶片的光合性能。有机营养液处理较无机营养液能提高樱桃番茄果实中可溶性固形物、番茄红素和可溶性总糖含量。F1配方处理果实可溶性固形物和可溶性总糖含量优于F2配方,F2配方处理番茄维生素C含量高于F1配方。相同配方条件下M1和M2供应量处理樱桃番茄果实维生素C、番茄红素和可溶性总糖含量显著高于M3供应量处理,果实硝酸盐含量显著低于M3供应量处理,且F1M2处理樱桃番茄产量显著高于F1M1和F1M3。因此,开花�In order to explore the balanced supply of nutrients for all-organic nutrient cultivation of cherry tomatoes,pursue the goal of green and high-quality cultivation,and achieve precise management of all-organic cultivation,"Fortesa"cherry tomato was used as the test material,organic substrate bags were used to grow tomatoes,and supplement nutrients were applied by watering organic nutrient solution.Two organic nutrient solution formulas were set up:F1(volume ratio of pig,cow,sheep manure extract as 2∶1∶1),F2(volume ratio of pig,cattle,sheep manure extract as 4∶1∶1),the two formulas were mixed and diluted to the same nitrogen element content in the Yamazaki nutrient solution.Three kinds of organic nutrient solutions were supplied with the following quantity:M1(flowering and fruit setting period 0.6 L·plant^(-1),fruit maturity period 1.4 L·plant^(-1)),M2(flowering fruit setting period 0.8 L·plant^(-1),fruit maturity period 1.2 L·plant^(-1)),M3(flowering fruit setting period 1.0 L·plant^(-1),fruit maturrity period 1.0 L·plant^(-1)),and the fertilization time should be kept the same.The two factors were coupled to obtain 6 treatments,and the Yamazaki nutrient solution formula was used as the control(FOM3).By analyzing the dry matter accumulotion,the nutrient content,photosynthetic characteristics and final fruit yield and quality in different periods,the influence of the organic nutrient solution formula and stage supply on the growth of fullyorganized tomatoes in greenhouse was analyzed to meet the nutrient requirements of cherry tomatoes in different growth periods.The results showed that the nutrient solution supply was reduced during the flowering and fruit setting period,and the dry matter accumulation of the tomato plants was reduced.During the fruit ripening period,applying 1.2 L·plant^(-1) of organic nutrient solution each time the dry matter of the plant reached the maximum.Too much nutrient solution supply could inhibit the accumulation of plant dry matter.Decreasing the nutrient supply during

关 键 词：樱桃番茄 有机基质 有机营养液 养分吸收转运 果实品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]