喷施硒肥对富硒土壤水稻产量、品质及硒分配的影响  

Effects of spraying selenium fertilizer on rice yield,quality and selenium distribution in selenium-rich soil

作　　者：石吕 薛亚光[1] 石晓旭 韩笑 魏亚凤[1] 杨美英[1] 刘建[1] SHI Lü;XUE Ya-guang;SHI Xiao-xu;HAN Xiao;WEI Ya-feng;YANG Mei-ying;LIU Jian(Jiangsu Yanjiang Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Recycling Agriculture of Nantong City,Rugao Jiangsu 226541)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所/南通市循环农业重点实验室,江苏如皋226541

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2022年第10期174-183,共10页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：南通市社会民生项目(MS22021037);国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0300903-02);国家自然科学基金青年基金(31601254)。

摘　　要：通过富硒土壤(土壤硒含量1.0 mg/kg左右)大田试验,在水稻灌浆期(花后6和12 d)进行不同浓度(CK:0 g/hm^(2)、T_(1):20 g/hm^(2)、T_(2):40 g/hm^(2)、T_(3):60 g/hm^(2)、T_(4):80 g/hm^(2)、T_(5):100 g/hm^(2)、T_(6):120 g/hm^(2))有机富硒液体肥(有机硒≥6.0 g/L)叶面喷施,探讨植株地上部硒含量与分配特点,并分析产量和品质的变化情况。结果表明:硒肥喷施对水稻株高、穗长、枝梗数、有效穗数和每穗粒数均无显著影响(P>0.05),但对结实率、千粒重和实际产量却有明显的促进作用,浓度过高(120 g/hm^(2))则促进作用有所减弱,其中硒肥喷施浓度与产量间的相关性达到了显著水平(R=0.7850,P<0.05)。随着硒肥喷施浓度的提高,不同组织部位硒含量均显著线性增加(P<0.01),相关系数达到0.9以上。其中CK处理大米硒含量为0.32 mg/kg,虽已超过《富硒稻谷》标准(0.04~0.30 mg/kg),但可保证大米硒日摄入量在日膳食硒供给适宜范围(50~250μg/d,以每天食用400 g大米计);喷施浓度为120 g/hm^(2)时大米硒日摄入量为276μg(以每天食用400 g大米计),超出了日膳食硒供给适宜范围。喷硒使得硒累积在茎鞘、叶片和穗轴+枝梗中的比例有增加趋势,而精米、米糠和颖壳中的硒含量占比则有所降低。不同硒肥喷施浓度显著降低稻米垩白粒率(P<0.05),提高整精米率和垩白度(P<0.05),对糙米率、精米率和长宽比无明显影响(P>0.05);同时降低稻米蛋白质含量,使得胶稠度变长,直链淀粉含量和碱消值则无显著变化(P>0.05)。综合来看,硒肥施用浓度为100 g/hm^(2)时,可显著促进成熟期干物质积累,增加旗叶叶绿素含量,延缓剑叶衰老,提高收获指数,促进增产;提高植株地上部硒含量,确保大米硒日摄入量在适宜范围;改善稻米加工品质、外观品质和蒸煮食味品质。Through the field experiment with selenium-rich soil(soil selenium content was about 1.0 mg/kg),different concentrations(CK:0 g/hm^(2),T_(1):20 g/hm^(2),T_(2):40 g/hm^(2),T_(3):60 g/hm^(2),T_(4):80 g/hm^(2),T_(5):100 g/hm^(2),T_(6):120 g/hm^(2))of organic selenium-enriched liquid fertilizer(organic selenium≥6.0 g/L)were sprayed on rice leaves at grain filling stage(6 and 12 d after anthesis)to explore the selenium content and distribution characteristics of aboveground parts,and analyze the changes of yield and quality.The results showed that selenium fertilizer spraying had no significant effect on plant height,panicle length,branch number,effective panicle number and spikelets per panicle(P>0.05),but it had obvious promotion effect on seed setting rate,1000-grain weight and actual yield.The promotion effect was weakened when the concentration was too high(120 g/hm^(2)),and the correlation between selenium fertilizer concentration and yield reached a significant level(R=0.7850,P<0.05).With the increase of spraying concentration of selenium fertilizer,the selenium content in different tissues all significantly linearly increased(P<0.01),and the correlation coefficient was more than 0.9.Although the 0.32 mg/kg selenium content of rice of CK had exceeded the standard of selenium-rich rice(0.04~0.30 mg/kg),it could ensure that the daily selenium intake of rice was within the appropriate range of daily dietary selenium supply(50~250μg/d,based on 400 g rice per day).When the spraying concentration was 120 g/hm^(2),the daily selenium intake of rice was 276μg(based on 400 g rice per day),which exceeded the suitable range of daily dietary selenium supply.Selenium spraying increased the proportion of selenium accumulation in stem sheath,leaf and cob+branch,while the proportion of selenium content in milled rice,rice bran and rice husk decreased.Different spraying concentrations of selenium fertilizer significantly reduced the chalky grain rate(P<0.05),but increased the head rice rate and chalkiness(P<0.05),and had no

关 键 词：硒肥 富硒土壤 水稻 产量 品质 硒分配 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]