大数据时代个人信息的刑法保护——基于日本法的比较分析  

Social Governance and Legal Protection of Personal Information in the Era of Big Data:B ased on Comparative Analysis of Japanese Law

作　　者：付玉明[1,2,3] Fu Yuming

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学刑事法学院,710063 [2]西北政法大学刑事法律科学研究中心 [3]早稻田大学社会安全政策研究所

出　　处：《国外社会科学》2022年第5期58-71,195,共15页Social Sciences Abroad

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“自动驾驶平均风险的刑事治理研究”(22BFX049);陕西省刑事法学青年创新团队课题项目“大数据时代西北地区社会治理中的刑事法治项目”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在智慧时代,数字技术的发展和滥用导致个人信息遭到史无前例的安全威胁,而个人信息的泄露又进而影响到人民的生活安宁和信息安全。作为重视个人信息保护的传统型社会,日本通过直接保护和间接保护两种模式实现对信息泄露的社会治理。其中,日本《刑法》第134条泄露秘密罪和《个人信息保护法》在特定主体的范围内对侵犯个人信息的行为进行直接规制;而日本《刑法》第133条开拆信封罪、第163条之四准备非法制作支付用磁卡的电磁记录罪等,则是在保护非个人信息相关法益情况下的间接规制。我国刑法修正后增设并完善了第253条之一的侵犯公民个人信息罪,形成了对一般主体侵犯个人信息的有效刑事治理。但不论是日本还是中国,对个人信息的保护都有继续完善和进步的空间,需要师襄彼此、互相借鉴,完善相关法律体系,加强对智慧社会中信息犯罪的社会治理。The abuse of information in the era of big data has led to unprecedented threats to the security of personal information, and the disclosure of personal information has further affected people’s peaceful life. In Japan’s current law, Crime of Leaking Secrets under Article 134 of the Criminal Law and the scope of the subject of restriction in the Personal Information Protection Law directly regulate the violation of personal information. At the same time, the crime of opening envelopes under Article 133, the crime of preparing an electromagnetic record for making a magnetic card for payment illegally under Paragraph of Article 163 and other crimes indirectly regulate the violation of personal information by protecting nonpersonal information related legal interests in Japan’s Criminal Law. After the amendment of the Criminal Law, China has added and improved the provisions of Article 253 on crime of infringing citizens’ personal information, forming an effective criminal governance for the infringement of personal information by general subjects. However, there is room for further improvement and progress in the protection of personal information in China and Japan. Therefore, both Japan and China need to learn from each other, improve relevant legal systems, and strengthen the social governance of information crimes in a smart society.

关 键 词：泄露秘密罪 数字治理 个人信息保护法 日本 

分 类 号：D931.3[政治法律—法学]