美国废除死刑历程的法律社会学分析——以大卫·加兰德的死刑社会学研究为视角  

The Process of Abolishing Death Penalty in the United States:A Legal Sociological Studyf rom the Perspective of David Garland’s Sociological Research on Capital Punishment

作　　者：李波 Li Bo

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,266100

出　　处：《国外社会科学》2022年第5期91-105,196,共16页Social Sciences Abroad

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国刑罚制度与实践的社会学分析”(18BFX109)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：死刑存废问题牵涉哲学、伦理、政治、文化等多个方面,一直以来是困扰人类的重大课题之一。多数学者从哲学、法学、刑事政策学等方面研究死刑,很少从法律社会学的角度分析死刑存废的原因。美国著名刑罚学家大卫·加兰德所著的《怪异的机制:废除死刑时代的美国死刑》一书,从法律社会学的新视角对“为何美国难以废除死刑制度”问题进行了入木三分的分析。该书提出,死刑不仅是一种刑罚制度,还是重要的政治和社会制度,具有不可忽视的政治和社会效用;美国之所以难以废除死刑,主要是因为美国是联邦制国家,在国家组织的设计上崇尚分权制衡,州具有独立于联邦的重要权力,地方主义和民粹主义对于死刑的保留发挥了重要作用。大卫·加兰德的美国死刑研究,对中国死刑研究乃至整个刑罚制度与实践的研究都具有重要启示。The preservation or abolition of the death penalty has always been one of the major issues perplexing mankind as it involves philosophical, ethical, political and cultural issues. Most scholars study the death penalty from the perspective of philosophy, politics, law or criminal policy, and rarely analyze the reasons for the abolition of death penalty from the perspective of sociology. David Garland, a famous American penologist, made a penetrating sociological analysis of the question “why the Death penalty system still exists in the United States” in his bookPeculiar Institution:America’s Death Penaltyi n an Age of Abolition. This book argues that the death penalty system is not only a penalty system, but also an important political and social system, with political effect that cannot be ignored. The reason why it is difficult for the United States to abolish the death penalty is mainly due to the fact that the United States is a federal country, which is designed to favour the separation of powers and checks and balances,with the states having significant powers independent of the federal government, and regionalism and populism playing an important role in retaining the death penalty. David Garland’s sociological study of death penalty will offer some implications for the study of death penalty or penalty system in China.

关 键 词：大卫·加兰德 死刑制度 死刑社会学 刑罚 美国 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学]