中西文明合作何以可能?——重要之事的趋同方法与意义重构  

How Is It Possible for Chinese and Western Civilizations to Cooperate witheach other?--Convergence Methods and Meaning Reconstructions of What Matters

作　　者：贺海仁[1] HE Hairen

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2022年第5期130-146,I0005,共18页Chinese Journal of European Studies

摘　　要：英国哲学家帕菲特认为世界上存在重要之事,并列出了客观理由和主观理由两种划分标准。利己的利他主义和损己的利他主义都不是必然归属于基于道德价值的客观理由,“无人性有德性”和“有德性无人性”假设都面临着普遍性不足的哲学难题。建构重要之事的客观理由需要引入新概念,在乎的伦理维度否定了基于个人分立的假设,为人的相关性理论提供了哲学基础。趋同论证在康德主义、后果论和契约论之间寻找共性,同时论证中西哲学之间存在文明合作的模式。作为一种方法论而非哲学类型,趋同哲学与中国“将无同”文化精神相契合,提示了不同文明之间的共性,推动形成从文明冲突模式向文明合作模式转化的认识论基础。The British philosopher Derek Parfit believes that there are things that truly matter in this world,and gives two classification criteria based respectively on desire-based reasons and object-given reasons.Neither self-interested altruism nor self-harming altruism necessarily belongs to objective reasons based on moral values,and the proposition of"either virtue or humanity"faces the philosophical dilemma of a lack of universality.Constructing the objective reasons for things that matter requires the introduction of a new idea of"caring about".The ethical dimension of this idea negates the assumption based on the separation of individuals and provides a philosophical basis for the theory of human interdependency.The convergence argument tries to find commonalities among Kantianism,consequentialism and contractualism,and believes that there should be a model of cooperation between Chinese and Western civilizations.As a methodology rather than a mode of philosophy,the convergence argument is in line with the cultural spirit of"jiangwutong(将无同)"in traditional Chinese philosophy.It reveals the commonalities between different civilizations and promotes the formation of an epistemological basis for the transformation from the model of clash of civilizations to that of cooperation between different civilizations.

关 键 词：中西文明 合作 重要之事 趋同论证 文明冲突 

分 类 号：B2[哲学宗教—中国哲学] B5