牛粪与山表土配施对烤烟生长与烟叶产质量的影响  

Effects of Combined Application of Cattle Manure and Topsoil on Growth,Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：王雪仁[1] 邓新发[1] 林文贵 林建麒[1] 林智慧[1] WANG Xueren;DENG Xinfa;LIN Wengui;LIN Jianqi;LIN Zhihui(Sanming Branch of Fujian Tobacco Company,Sanming,Fujian 365000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省烟草公司三明市公司,福建三明365000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第12期53-58,共6页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司科技重点项目“基于清甜密甜风格的翠碧一号特色优质烟叶关键生产技术研究与应用”(110201902002);福建省烟草公司三明市公司项目“三明烟区烤烟优化施肥技术研究与应用”(2018YY003)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明不同牛粪量与山表土配施对烤烟生长发育及烟叶产质量的影响,为其在烤烟生产上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以烤烟品种翠碧一号为试验材料,采用田间试验方法,以常规穴肥为对照(CK),研究牛粪、牛粪(含未知添加成分)分别与山表土配施〔牛粪2250 kg/hm^(2)+山表土5250 kg/hm^(2),牛粪3750 kg/hm^(2)+山表土3750 kg/hm^(2),牛粪3750 kg/hm^(2)(含未知添加成分)+山表土3750 kg/hm^(2)〕对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产质量的影响。【结果】不同牛粪量分别与山表土配施对烤烟生育期的影响较小;与CK相比,移栽时穴施牛粪2250 kg/hm^(2)+山表土5250 kg/hm^(2)能够增加团棵期烤烟株高(0.58 cm)和有效叶片数(0.22片),有效降低青枯病的发病率,改善烟叶化学成分协调性,提高产量(1.71%)、产值(2.67%)和均价(0.94%),上等烟比例为62.74%,与CK差异不显著。【结论】三明烟区牛粪与山表土最佳配施用量为牛粪2250 kg/hm^(2)+山表土5250kg/hm^(2),可有效提高烤烟产质量。【Objective】The effects of combined application of cattle manure and topsoil on growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are explored,which provides theoretical basis for its application in flue-cured tobacco production.【Methods】Taking CB-1 as the experimental material,using the field test method and the conventional nest-fertilizer application method as the control(CK),the effects of cattle manure,cattle manure(including unknown additives)applied with topsoil〔2250 kg/hm^(2)cattle manure+5250 kg/hm^(2)topsoil,3750 kg/hm^(2)cattle manure+3750 kg/hm^(2)topsoil,3750 kg/hm^(2)cattle manure(including unknown additives)+3750 kg/hm^(2)topsoil〕on the growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】Different amount of cattle manure combine with topsoil have little effect on the growth period of flue-cured tobacco.Compared with CK,applying 2250 kg/hm^(2)cattle manure+5250 kg/hm^(2)topsoil when transplanting can increase the plant height(0.58 cm)and effective leaf number(0.22)at the resettling stage,decrease the incidence of bacterial wilt,improve the coordination of chemical compositions,and increase the yield(1.71%),output value(2.67%)and average price(0.94%).The ratio of upper-class tobacco under this treatment is 62.74%,while it has no significant difference with CK.【Conclusion】The optimum fertilization amount is 2250 kg/hm^(2)cattle manure+5250 kg/hm^(2)topsoil in Sanming flue-cured tobacco area,which can effectively increase the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

关 键 词：烤烟 穴肥 牛粪 烟叶 产质量 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]