3个绒山羊品种DRB 1基因遗传变异和生物信息学分析  

Genetic Variation and Bioinformatics Analysis of DRB1 Gene in Three Cashmere Goat Breeds

作　　者：吕雪峰 许艳丽 郑文新 胡昕 王乐 LYU Xuefeng;XU Yanli;ZHENG Wenxin;HU Xin;WANG Le(Institute of Animal Husbandry Quality Standards,Xinjiang Academy of Animal and Husbandry Sciences,Urmuqi,Xinjiang 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆畜牧科学院畜牧业质量标准研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第12期88-97,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费项目“绒山羊MHC-DRB基因遗传多样性分析及适应性进化评价”(2021-14);国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系项目“绒毛加工与品质评价”岗位(CARS-39-20);新疆维吾尔自治区肉毛兼用绒毛用羊品种选育提升计划项目“种质资源挖掘创新”岗位(2022XJRMY-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明新疆山羊、内蒙古绒山羊和西藏山羊DRB1基因第2外显子遗传变异和分子结构情况,为MHC基因在绒山羊抗病育种奠定基础。【方法】采用直接测序法检测3个绒山羊品种DRB1基因第2外显子多态性及其遗传变异情况,并利用生物信息学对编码的氨基酸序列进行分析。【结果】3个绒山羊品种的遗传多样性较高,品种总基因分化系数Gst为0.00273,总遗传分化指数Fst为0.18124,总基因流Nm为1.13,品种内分子变异占75.29%、品种间变异占24.71%,3个绒山羊品种DRB基因均受到明显的选择压力作用,3个绒山羊品种与野山羊亲缘关系较近。绒山羊DRB1序列第2外显子含有80个氨基酸残基,包括19种氨基酸,为不稳定亲水性蛋白,磷酸化修饰位点较多,无信号肽序列,二级结构主要为α-螺旋和无规卷曲。【结论】3个绒山羊品种DRB1基因均具有高的遗传多样性,在进化过程中受到较强的选择压力。【Objective】In order to lay the foundation for the MHC gene in breeding of disease-tolerant cashmere goat breeds,the genetic variation and molecular structure of 2 exon in DRB1 gene of Xinjiang Goat,Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat and Tibet Goat are explored.【Method】The polymorphism and genetic variation of exon 2 of DRB1 gene in three cashmere goat breeds are detected by direct sequencing,and then the encoded amino acid sequence is analyzed by bioinformatics.【Result】The genetic diversity of the three cashmere goat breeds is very high.The total gene differentiation coefficient(Gst),genetic differentiation coefficient(Fst)and gene flow(Nm)is 0.00273,0.18124 and 1.13 respectively.Molecular variation between within breeds and breeds is 75.29%and 24.71%separately,and DRB gene of the three cashmere goat breeds is subjected to significant selective pressure.The three cashmere goat breeds are closer to wild goats.Exon 2 of cashmere goat DRB1 has 80 amino acid residues,consisting of 19 kinds of amino acids.It is an unstable hydrophilic protein with many phosphorylation modification sites and without signal peptide.The main secondary structural elements areα-helix and random coil.【Conclusion】The DRB1 gene of the three cashmere goat breeds has high genetic diversity and is under strong selection pressure in evolution.

关 键 词：新疆山羊 绒山羊 西藏山羊 DRB1 遗传变异 生物信息 

分 类 号：S827[农业科学—畜牧学]