良渚闪石玉料及其产源地问题探讨  

A Study of The Nephrite Materials Used in Liangzhu Jades and Their Birthplaces

作　　者：徐琳[1] Xu Lin

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院器物部

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2022年第10期117-126,142,143,共12页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：本文通过对故宫博物院藏传世良渚文化玉器的观察,认为良渚玉器使用的闪石玉料主要有两类:第一类为不带斑杂结构的玉料,以清宫旧藏的矮节扩孔玉琮为代表,玉质较为细腻,以青(黄)绿色为主基调,部分玉器中带有的水豆状结构和糖色与辽宁岫岩所产的闪石玉相似,推测此类玉料来自东北岫岩,在良渚早中期通过辽东半岛、山东半岛交流到太湖流域,为良渚高等级贵族所用,主要流行于良渚文化早中期。第二类为带有斑杂结构的玉料,以故宫博物院所藏高节玉琮和部分玉璧为代表,玉质结构较粗,带有各种斑晶结构,以绿色及深绿色为主基调,推测玉料来源为良渚文化区附近。第二类玉料在良渚文化早中期开始使用,后在晚期第一类玉料大量减少的情况下成为良渚治玉的主要来源。It is held in the thesis that The Liangzhu-cultured nephrite-jades of the Palace Museum are made of nephrite of two types of different sources----one is unmottledstructured,the other is mottled-structured.The former is smooth and exquisite,bluegreen and yellow-green as the basic colors,taking the Qing Court collected short jointsectioned jade-Cong with a central hole as the typical artifacts.Some of the jade-Cong wares are caramel-colored with crystalli-like fabric close to the local nephrite of Xiuyan in Liaoning Province.It is therefore speculated that Xiuyan of Northeast China is the likely birthplace of such kind of jade stuff,which was transported for exchanges from the Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula to the Taihu Lake basin as the raw material for the making of jades for the local high-ranked noblemen in the early-middle period of the Liangzhu Culture.The latter is rough-structured with mottles of any forms,green and dark-green as the dominate hues,taking the long joint-sectioned jade-Cong and some jade biscuits of the Palace Museum as the typical works.So it was probably sourced from nearby Liangzhu-cultured area.The latter kind of nephrite was firstly used for the making of jadeware as early in the earlymiddle period of the Liangzhu Culture as the former one.But it became the dominate nephrite used for Liangzhu jades by the late period of the Liangzhu Culture replacing the other in short supply.

关 键 词：故宫博物院 良渚玉器 两类闪石玉料 玉料来源 斑杂结构 岫岩闪石玉 

分 类 号：K876.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]