农业生产方式、交易成本与中国乡村治理  

Agricultural Production,Transaction Cost and Rural Governance in China

作　　者：许庆[1] 刘进 杨青 XU Qing;LIU Jin;YANG Qing

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学财经研究所,上海200433 [2]上海财经大学三农研究院,上海200433 [3]上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院,上海200433

出　　处：《农业经济问题》2022年第10期32-39,共8页Issues in Agricultural Economy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(编号:21ZDA060);国家自然科学基金青年项目(编号:72103116);上海财经大学创新团队项目(编号:2018110693)。

摘　　要：根据马克思主义理论,生产力是社会前进与发展的最根本动力,决定了与之相适应的生产方式,进而决定了社会治理形式。本文通过梳理1949年以来我国乡村治理制度变迁的历程发现,由于长期以来小农经济的特征是以家庭为单位、精耕细作、自给自足,其技术进步缓慢,风险规避意识强烈,生产剩余及积累有限。新中国成立以后,为了贯彻外生的以重工业发展为导向的发展战略,推行农业生产集体化,人民公社全面建立,乡村治理制度随即发生了翻天覆地的变化,交易成本急剧上升,产生了严重后果。自20世纪70年代末,随着家庭联产承包责任制施行,小农生产经济模式回归,人民公社解体,接着改革开放的深入,大量农村劳动力向非农部门转移,逐渐内生地向资本和技术密集的现代农业生产方式过渡,深刻地改变了传统的小农生产,这一变革为我国乡村治理制度的重构与创新提出了全新的要求。According to Marxist theory,productivity is the most fundamental force for social progress and development,and it is also determining factor in the different modes of and then the form of social governance.By combing the process of China’s rural governance system changes since 1949,this paper finds that China’s agriculture has shown the characteristics of slow technological progress,strong risk aversion awareness,and limited production surplus and accumulation due to the family-based,intensive farming and self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy for a long time.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,to implement the exogenous development strategy oriented by heavy industry development,agricultural production was collectivized,and the people’s communes were fully established,which led to dramatic changes in the rural governance system.These changes have led to a sharp rise in transaction costs and have had serious consequences.Since the implementation of the household responsibility system,the return of peasant production has resumed,and the people’s commune has disintegrated.With the deepening of reform and opening up,a large number of rural labor forces have been transferred to the non-agricultural sector.China’s agriculture has gradually evolved into capital and technology-intensive modern agricultural production mode,which has profoundly changed the traditional smallholder production and has put forward a new requirement for the reconstruction and innovation of rural governance in China.

关 键 词：农业生产方式 交易成本 乡村治理 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济] D422.6[政治法律—政治学]