俄罗斯对“混合战争”理论的研究与实践  

Russia's Research and Practice on the Theory of"Hybrid Warfare"

作　　者：郭金峰 Guo Jinfeng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院图书馆

出　　处：《俄罗斯学刊》2022年第6期72-92,共21页Academic Journal of Russian Studies

摘　　要：“混合战争”是指一个国家为实现战略目标,综合应用有效的军事、政治、外交、经济、信息、情报等方法和行动的总称,是军事手段和非军事手段的综合,以颠覆目标国政权为最终目标。“混合战争”理论起源于美国军事学界,俄罗斯结合自身的实践和特点,对“混合战争”理论进行了本土化改良。俄罗斯理论界普遍认为现代战争已经转向以运用军事力量为基础,综合运用政治、经济、外交、舆论、文化、心理等其他非军事手段的混合方法,以运用最低限度的军事打击来实现政治目的。在2014年乌克兰危机、2015年叙利亚危机以及2022年俄乌冲突中,都可以看出俄罗斯对“混合战争”理论的实践应用。尤其是此次俄罗斯在乌克兰开展的“特别军事行动”,充分体现了当代俄罗斯“混合战争”理念和思想。但是鉴于俄罗斯在众多领域和综合实力方面与以美国为首的北约国家的差距,在此次冲突中,也暴露出自己的短板和缺陷。"Hybrid warfare"refers to the comprehensive adoption of effective military,political,diplomatic,economic,information,intelligence and other methods and actions by a country to achieve its strategic goals.It is a combination of military and non-military means,and with the ultimate goal of subverting the regime of the target country.The theory of"hybrid warfare"originated in the US military academic circles,while Russia has localized and improved the theory of"hybrid warfare"in combination with its own practice and characteristics.Russian theorists generally believe that modern warfare has shifted to a mixed method based on the use of military force and the comprehensive use of political,economic,diplomatic,public opinion,cultural,psychological and other non-military means,in order to use a minimum of military strikes to achieve political goals.Russia's practical application of the theory of"hybrid warfare"can be seen in the Ukraine crisis in 2014,the Syrian crisis in 2015 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022.In particular,the"special military operation"carried out by Russia in Ukraine fully reflects the concept and idea of contemporary Russian"hybrid war".However,in view of the gap in many fields between Russia and the US-led NATO countries including comprehensive strength,Russia's weakness and shortcomings are also exposed in this conflict.

关 键 词：俄罗斯 混合战争 传统战争 军事手段 非军事手段 

分 类 号：E866[军事—战术学]