我国乌骨鸡品种MC1R基因多态性和品种鉴定研究  

MC1R Gene Polymorphism and Breed Identification in Chinese Black-bone Chicken

作　　者：贾晓旭[1] 陆俊贤[1] 唐修君[1] 樊艳凤[1] 叶俊文 李星丛 马尹鹏 黄胜海[1] 葛庆联[1] 高玉时[1] JIA Xiaoxu;LU Junxian;TANG Xiujun;FAN Yanfeng;YE Junwen;LI Xingcong;MA Yinpeng;HUANG Shenghai;GE Qinglian;GAO Yushi(Jiangsu Institute of Poultry Sciences,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225125;Zhongshan Municipal Institute of Quality and Technical Supervision Standard and Code of Guangdong Province,Zhongshan,Guangdong 528400;Yanjin County of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Zhaotong,Yunnan 657500)

机构地区：[1]江苏省家禽科学研究所,江苏扬州225125 [2]广东省中山市质量技术监督标准与编码所,广东中山528400 [3]盐津县畜牧兽医站,云南昭通657500

出　　处：《中国家禽》2022年第10期19-23,共5页China Poultry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1200302);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20221412);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JATS[2021]399)。

摘　　要：为探究我国黑肤色鸡品种MC1R基因多态性,采用PCR方法扩增了我国5个乌骨鸡品种(丝羽乌骨鸡、东乡绿壳蛋鸡、盐津乌骨鸡、余干乌骨鸡和竹丝鸡)以及白耳黄鸡(黄肤色)和崇仁麻鸡(白肤色)的MC1R基因,并对不同品种鸡MC1R基因序列的多态性进行生物信息学分析。结果显示:7个品种MC1R基因编码区全长均为945 bp,共编码315个氨基酸;7个品种210条序列,总计发现13个多态位点,位于编码区的有12个,其中有8个导致编码氨基酸发生变化;基于13个多态点共界定了19种单倍型,定义为Hap1~Hap19,其中只有东乡绿壳蛋鸡有2种单倍型,其他品种单倍型数都在2个以上;系统发育树分化为两个分支,分支Ⅰ仅包含白耳黄鸡,分支Ⅱ包含崇仁麻鸡和5个乌骨鸡品种。研究表明鸡MC1R基因表现出丰富的多态性,多态位点能够很好地区分黄和白/黑肤色的品种,白肤和乌骨鸡品种很难进行区分,结果为我国乌骨鸡遗传资源的保护、选育和鉴定工作提供了遗传背景信息。In order to explore genetic variation in MC1R of black skin chicken, five black-bone chicken breeds(Silkie,Dongxiang Blue-eggshell, Yanjin Black-bone, Yugan Black-bone and Zhu Si), Chongren Partridge chicken with white skin and Baier Yellow chicken with yellow skin were collected, the sequence of MC1R gene was PCR amplified, sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics. The complete CDS of MC1R gene of seven breeds were all 945 by in length encoding a predicted polypeptide of315 amino acids. A total of 13 polymorphic sites were found in 210 sequences of seven breeds, including 12 polymorphic loci in coding region, of which eight were non-synonymous mutations that cause amino acid changes. The 19 haplotypes were observed based on 13 polymorphic sites. Dongxiang Blue-eggshell chicken had two haplotypes, the other 6 breeds all had two more haplotypes. The phylogenetic analysis revealed two groups, Group Ⅰ consisted of Baier Yellow chicken, Chongren Partridge chicken,and Group Ⅱ included five black-bone chicken breeds. It′s suggested abundant genetic polymorphism in the chicken MC1R gene, which could be regarded as markers for yellow and white/black skin color of chicken, but couldn′t be used in black-bone and white skin chicken, which could be used as a reference for preservation, improvement and identification of Chinese black bone chickens.

关 键 词：乌骨鸡 MC1R基因 多态性 肤色 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]