海洋痕量元素采样技术和分析方法的发展及展望:厦门大学痕量元素平台建设进展  

Advances and Prospect of Sampling Techniques and Analytical Methods for Trace Elements in the Ocean: Progress of Trace Element Platform Construction in Xiamen University

作　　者：黄勇明[1,2] 周宽波 陈耀瑾[1,2] 张楠 杨俊波 戴民汉 曹知勉 蔡毅华[1,2] HUANG Yong-ming;ZHOU Kuan-bo;CHEN Yao-jin;ZHANG Nan;YANG Jun-bo;DAI Min-han;CAO Zhi-mian;CAI Yi-hua(Cllpe of Ocean and Earh Seiences,Ximen Univeriy,Ximen 361102,China;Slale Key Labornlory of Marie Enironmental Science,Xiamen Univerity,Ximen 361102,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,厦门361102 [2]厦门大学近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室,厦门361102

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第11期4858-4868,共11页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41890801,41876081,42176037,41706107)。

摘　　要：海洋中的痕量元素通常是指质量摩尔浓度在10μmol·kg^(-1)以下的元素,是海水的重要化学组分,其中既有铁和锌等海洋生物新陈代谢所必需的微量营养元素,对海洋初级生产力具有重要的调控作用,因而也与碳氮等元素的生物地球化学循环密切相关,进而影响地球环境演化与全球气候变迁;也有铅等源于人类活动的污染物.痕量元素及其同位素还可作为许多海洋学过程的示踪物和古海洋学研究的指标.然而,海水的高盐基底和痕量元素极低的浓度,加之在样品采集、处理与分析过程中极易受到科考船、采样设备和周围环境的沾污,在相当长的一段历史时期限制了科学家获得可靠的海洋痕量元素含量数据.因此,获取无沾污的样品并加以准确定量成为研究海洋痕量元素生物地球化学与环境行为的先决条件.通过回顾国际海洋学界海洋痕量元素采样技术和分析方法的发展历程,介绍了厦门大学在该领域的研究历史和平台建设进展,重点比较了不同采样技术和分析方法的优缺点及其适用性,并展望了未来的发展趋势.Trace elements, which are important chemical components in the ocean, generally refer to those chemical elements with concentrations below 10 μmol·kg^(-1)in seawater. Some trace elements, such as Fe and Zn, serve as essential micronutrients for marine organisms, which regulate marine primary productivity and are closely related to the biogeochemical cycle of carbon and nitrogen and therefore affect the global environment and climate change. In contrast, some elements, such as Pb, are anthropogenic pollutants largely released by human activities. In addition, some trace elements and their isotopes can be used as tracers for oceanographic processes and proxies for paleoceanography. However, the high saline matrix and extremely low trace element concentrations in seawater, as well as the contamination from research vessels, sampling equipment, and the surrounding environment during the process of sample collection, pretreatment, and analysis, have restricted researchers from obtaining reliable trace element data in the ocean for a long period of time. Nevertheless, high quality samples and accurate data are prerequisites for investigating the biogeochemical and environmental behavior of marine trace elements. This paper reviews the development of sampling techniques and analytical methods for trace elements in seawater, introduces the research history and platform construction activities in Xiamen University in this field, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various sampling and analytical techniques and methods, and presents the perspectives on future developments in the research on trace elements in the ocean.

关 键 词：海水 痕量元素 洁净采样技术 前处理 综述 

分 类 号：X834[环境科学与工程—环境工程]