南京北郊BTESX特征及健康风险评估  

Characteristics and Health Risk Assessment of BTESX in the Northern Suburbs of Nanjing

作　　者：冯悦政 安俊琳[1] 张玉欣 王俊秀 FENG Yue-zheng;AN Jun-lin;ZHANG Yu-xin;WANG Jun-xiu(Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster,Ministry of Education,Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change,Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjng University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Weather Modification Office of Qinghai Province,Xining 81000,China;Hohhot Meteorological Bureau,Hohhot 010020,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室,气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]青海省人工影响天气办公室,西宁810000 [3]呼和浩特市气象局,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《环境科学》2022年第11期5030-5039,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42075177);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0210003);江苏省高校“青蓝工程”项目。

摘　　要：采用AMA GC5000BTX监测2014年1月~2016年12月南京北郊大气中苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯、邻-二甲苯和苯乙烯(BTESX)的体积分数,分析了BTESX体积分数的变化特征以及气象要素对其的影响,并使用特征比值法(T/B)对BTESX的来源进行了定性分析,最后利用EPA的人体暴露分析评价方法对BTESX健康风险进行评估.结果表明,在观测期间,φ(BTESX)平均值为(7.28±6.63)×10^(-9),其中φ(苯)最高,为(2.45±3.91)×10^(-9),其他物种体积分数由大到小为:甲苯>乙苯>间/对-二甲苯>邻-二甲苯>苯乙烯,分别为:(2.41±2.61)×10^(-9)、(1.37±1.28)×10^(-9)、(0.51±0.48)×10^(-9)、(0.30±0.36)×10^(-9)和(0.22±0.42)×10^(-9).由于存在稳定的芳烃源,BTESX体积分数的月变化和季节变化均不如其他物种(NO_(x)、CO、SO_(2)和PM_(2.5)等)明显.同时,BTESX及其他污染物的"周末效应"不显著.BTESX体积分数很大程度受到来自东北方向化工等企业以及交通主干道的污染物短距离输送的影响,导致BTESX体积分数在东北方向上较大.BTESX体积分数受到相对湿度和温度的共同影响,其高值区主要位于30%~70%相对湿度范围内,在该相对湿度范围内,温度越高,BTESX体积分数高值区域范围也越大.BTESX在不同季节的HI (危害指数)处于EPA认定的安全范围内,而R(苯致癌风险)值则高于EPA规定的安全阈值,同时HI和R值在夏季较高,因此需要高度重视.AMA GC5000BTX was used to monitor the mixing ratio of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, and styrene (BTESX) in the atmosphere of the northern suburb of Nanjing from January 2014 to December 2016. The temporal variation characteristics of BTESX and the influence of meteorological elements on it were analyzed, and the characteristic ratio method (T/B) was used to qualitatively analyze the source of BTESX. Finally, the human exposure analysis and evaluation method of EPA was used to evaluate the health risk of BTESX. The results showed that during the observation period, the average mixing ratio of BTESX was (7.28±6.63)×10^(-9), and the mixing ratio of benzene was the highest at (2.45±3.91)×10^(-9). The mixing ratio of other species from large to small was toluene>ethylbenzene>m,p-xylene>o-xylene>styrene, which were (2.41±2.61)×10^(-9), (1.37±1.28)×10^(-9), (0.51±0.48)×10^(-9), (0.3±0.36)×10^(-9), and (0.22±0.42)×10^(-9), respectively. Due to the existence of stable aromatic sources, the monthly and seasonal variation in BTESX mixing ratio was not as obvious as that of other species (NO_(x), CO, SO_(2), PM_(2.5), etc.). The weekend effect of BTESX and other pollutants was not significant. The mixing ratio of BTESX was largely affected by the short distance transportation of chemical enterprises and traffic trunk roads in the northeast, resulting in a large mixing ratio of BTESX in the northeast. The mixing ratio of BTESX was jointly affected by relative humidity and temperature, and its high value area was mainly located in the range of 30%-70% relative humidity. In this range of relative humidity, the high value range of BTESX volume fraction increased with the elevation of temperature. The HI (hazard index) of BTESX in different seasons was within the safety range recognized by EPA, whereas the R (carcinogenic risk of benzene) value was higher than the safety threshold specified by EPA. At the same time, the HI and R values were higher in summer, to which great attention should be

关 键 词：BTESX 时间变化 南京北郊 周末效应 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]