金融科技会影响农村金融机构贷款的信用结构吗  

Can Fintech Affect the Credit Structure of Rural Financial Institutions’ Loans?

作　　者：张龙耀 袁振 ZHANG Longyao;YUAN Zhen

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学金融学院,南京210095

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2022年第10期4-19,共16页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国农村数字金融的发展机制和效应:基于实验经济的研究”(编号:71973064);国家自然科学基金面上项目“金融科技背景下农村金融机构数字化发展机制与普惠效应研究”(编号:72073067);国家自然科学基金应急管理项目“金融支持乡村振兴的政策创新研究”(编号:72141013)。

摘　　要：信用贷款能降低农业经营主体的融资门槛,是解决农业农村融资难和促进普惠金融发展的重要方式之一,但是信息不对称等问题制约着农村金融机构提供更多的信用贷款。近年来,金融科技发展对金融业产生深刻的影响,也为农村金融机构增加信用贷款和发展普惠金融提供了可能。本文以2014—2019年苏、浙、闽三省110家农村商业银行为样本,研究金融科技发展对农村金融机构贷款信用结构的影响,结果发现,金融科技发展对农村商业银行信用贷款占比有显著的正向促进作用,并显著降低担保贷款占比,这意味着金融科技发展能够降低农村地区经营主体获得贷款的门槛。异质性分析结果显示,对于规模较小的农村商业银行、市场势力较弱和成本收入比较高的农村商业银行,金融科技对其信用贷款占比的正向促进作用更为明显。此外,本文还发现,受金融科技发展的影响,农村商业银行在将贷款信用结构从担保贷款向信用贷款调整的过程中,农村商业银行信用风险呈下降趋势。Credit loans can lower the financing threshold of business entities and are the key to solving the difficulties of loans.However,the problem of information asymmetry restricts rural financial institutions from providing more credit loans.In recent years,the emergence of fintech has had a profound impact on the financial industry,providing the possibility to solve the problem of the low proportion of credit loans of rural financial institutions.This article uses 110 rural commercial banks in Jiangsu,Zhejiang,and Fujian provinces from 2014 to 2019 as a sample to study the impact of fintech on the loan credit structure of rural financial institutions.The results show that the development of fintech has prompted rural commercial banks to increase the proportion of credit loans and reduce the proportion of guaranteed loans.The analysis of heterogeneity shows that for small-scale rural commercial banks,rural commercial banks with weak market power,and rural commercial banks with high cost-to-income ratios,the impact of fintech on their credit loans is more obvious.Further research shows that due to the influence of fintech,the credit risk of rural commercial banks has shown a downward trend in the process of adjusting the loan credit structure from secured loans to credit loans.

关 键 词：金融科技 农村金融机构 信用结构 信用贷款 

分 类 号：F832.43[经济管理—金融学]