区块链环境中个人信息保护的法律障碍与应对  

The Legal Obstacle and Solution of Personal Information Protection in Blockchain

作　　者：齐爱民[1] QI Ai-min

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《现代法学》2022年第5期180-193,共14页Modern Law Science

基　　金：重庆大学基础及应用基础研究基金“智库建议与大数据库产业发展的法律问题及应对策略”。

摘　　要：区块链是指以分布式计算为目的生成的,以数据存储、点对点传输、共识机制和加密算法等为核心的计算机技术集合。区块链技术特性给个人信息法律保护带来了全方位挑战。区块链数据中的注册数据、区块体数据、具有可识别性的附加数据和区块链功能交易数据构成个人信息。在区块链背景下,全球个人信息保护立法重心由个人信息处理者转向节点控制者。公链属于根技术和技术基础,公链发起人以及节点控制者不承担个人信息处理者的法律责任,而非公有链在法律性质上属于产品应用,其发起人和有限节点控制者应该承担个人信息处理者的法律责任。区块链不可篡改性使得只能以达到删除权和更正权目的方式在制度上加以实现。Blockchain refers to a collection of computer technologies with data storage,peer-to-peer transmission,consensus mechanisms,cryptographic algorithms,etc.as the core,which is generated for the purpose of distributed computing.The characteristics of blockchain technology pose an all-round challenge to the legal protection of personal information.Registration data,block body data,additional data with identifiability in blockchain network and blockchain functional transaction data constitute personal information.In the context of blockchain,the focus of global personal information protection legislation will shift from the network operators to the node controllers.The public blockchain belongs to the root technology and technical foundation,and the public blockchain’s initiator as well as the node controller does not bear the legal responsibility of the personal information processor.The permissioned blockchain,on the other hand,belongs to the product application in legal nature,and its initiator and limited node controllers should bear the legal responsibility of personal information processor.The tamperevident nature of blockchain makes it only be realized institutionally in a way that achieves the purpose of the right of deletion and correction.

关 键 词：区块链 个人信息 数据 节点控制者 

分 类 号：DF920.0[政治法律—国际法学]