长江上游水稻耐热性鉴定模型的构建与应用  

Construction and Application of High-Temperature Tolerance Identification Model in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

作　　者：焦颖瑞 李玲依 杨仕会 胡健 曹红宇 刘雨菲 雷震胜 张红梅 王兵兵 霍帅宗 杨正林[1] 李耘[2] 杨波 何光华[1] 姚贺盛 JIAO Yingrui;LI Lingyi;YANG Shihui;HU Jian;CAO Hongyu;LIU Yufei;LEI Zhensheng;ZHANG Hongmei;WANG Bingbing;HUO Shuaizong;YANG Zhenglin;LI Yun;YANG Bo;HE Guanghua;YAO Hesheng(College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Rice and Sorghum Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mianyang Sichuan 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学农学与生物科技学院,重庆400715 [2]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第11期39-50,共12页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31901451);重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0484).

摘　　要：水稻耐热性一直是我国水稻育种工作的重点研究领域,高温导致水稻大幅度减产已成为威胁我国粮食安全的关键问题,加快培育具有耐高温特性的高产水稻品种迫在眉睫.通过对125个水稻亲本和品种材料开展耐高温试验,研究了高温胁迫条件下水稻结实率的变化特征,构建了“长江上游自然高温与人工模拟高温鉴定相结合、高温结实率稳定性与高温绝对结实率相结合”的开花期耐热性评价方法,将耐热性分为1,3,5,7,9级共5个级别,分别表示强耐热、耐热、较耐热、不耐热和极不耐热.试验结果显示:应用该评价方法,可以有效地鉴定出既具有较高耐热性又具有较高结实率表型的优质水稻亲本和品种;在西南高温地区筛选的品种和亲本材料具有较高的耐热性,如富优1号,泸优727,II优602等品种材料,R21,SCR12,泸恢602等恢复系材料和陵1B,内香6B,内香3B等保持系材料.研究结果表明:该评价方法不仅提高了稳定性要求,而且考虑了生产实际中绝对结实率这一重要生产指标,耐热品种的划分标准更加严格,评价过程契合生产实际,评级标准适合高温热害区;在耐热性品种选育方面,抓紧培育具有高耐热性的水稻保持系是加速耐高温高产型水稻育种的突破口.Rice heat tolerance has always been the focus of rice breeding research.High temperature has led to a significant reduction in rice production,and become a key issue threatening China s food security.Accelerating the breeding of high-yield rice varieties with high temperature tolerance characteristics is urgent.In this paper,by conducting high temperature tolerance test on 125 rice parents and variety materials,the variation characteristics of rice seed setting under high temperature stress were studied.The heat resistance identification model of“combining natural high temperature and artificial simulated high temperature identification in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and combining high temperature setting rate stability coefficient with absolute setting rate”for flowering stage was constructed.The heat tolerance was divided into five levels,namely 1,3,5,7 and 9,representing strong heat tolerance,high heat tolerance,heat tolerance,non-heat tolerance and extremely non-heat tolerance.The experimental results show that by applying the evaluation model,the high-quality rice parents and varieties with high heat tolerance and high seed setting rate phenotype can be effectively identified.The varieties and parental materials screened in the high temperature area of southwest China have high temperature tolerance,such as variety materials of Fuyou-1,Luyou727,II You602,etc.and restorer materials of R21,SCR12,Luhui602 etc.and maintainer materials of Ling1B,Neixiang6B,Neixiang3B etc..The results show that the evaluation model constructed in this paper not only improves the stability coefficient requirements,but also considers the important production index of absolute seed setting rate in production.The standard of heat-tolerance classification is more stringent,the evaluation process is in line with the actual production,and the rating standard is suitable for high-temperature heat hazard zones.In the selection and breeding of heat-tolerant varieties,selection of maintainer lines with high heat tolerance is a

关 键 词：长江上游 耐热性 水稻 种质资源 选育 

分 类 号：S435[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]