海上交通安全刑法规制的现实困境及其完善路径--以《海上交通安全法》的修订为视角  

Realistic Predicament of the Criminal Law Regulation of Maritime Traffic Safety and Its Improvement:Based on the Revised Maritime Traffic Safety Law

作　　者：桂亚胜[1] GUI Yasheng(School of Law,Shanghai University of International Business and Economics,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学法学院,上海201620

出　　处：《江苏海洋大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第6期12-19,共8页Journal of Jiangsu Ocean University（Humanities & Social Sciences Edition）

摘　　要：新修订的《海上交通安全法》大幅增加了相关法律责任的内容,并以兜底条款的形式,概括规定了违反该法的刑事责任。由于刑法规范供给不足,海上交通安全的刑法规制存在一定的困境。海上危险航行行为、危险作业行为难以构成危险驾驶罪和危险作业罪。海上交通肇事行为,也不能完全适用现有交通肇事罪的规定。对此应从立法和司法两个方面予以完善:在立法上,应当转变立法思路,考虑增设海上交通肇事罪、海上交通肇事逃逸罪和海上危险驾驶罪等罪名,也可以考虑对现有的危险驾驶罪进行必要的修订,扩大其调整的范围;在司法上,在立法未做修改之前,可以考虑制定专门规范海上交通肇事行为的刑事司法解释,并通过司法解释明确海上危险作业行为的入罪范围。The revised Maritime Traffic Safety Law has significantly enlarged the content on legal liability,and summarized the criminal responsibility in the form of underwriting clause.Due to the insufficient supply of criminal law,there is a dilemma in criminal law regulation of maritime traffic safety.It is difficult to bring dangerous navigation and dangerous operation into the scope of criminal law,meanwhile the provisions of traffic accident crime cannot completely apply to maritime traffic accident behavior.Therefore,it should be improved in judicature and legislation.In terms of legislation,train of thought should be changed and offences such as maritime accident,maritime hit-and-run and maritime dangerous driving may be added to the criminal law,while amending the existing offence of dangerous driving may also be considered.Before legislation is amended,it is advisable to seek a judicial solution.It is necessary to formulate criminal judicial interpretation to regulate maritime traffic accidents,and to make clear the incriminating criteria of maritime dangerous operations.

关 键 词：《海上交通安全法》 《刑法》 刑事责任 交通肇事罪 

分 类 号：D921.3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]