玉龙雪山乌鸡遗传资源调查与种质特性评价  

Investigation of Genetic Resource and Evaluation of Germplasm Characteristics of Yulong Snow Mountain Black-Boned Chicken

作　　者：段婕 邓俊 范新阳[3] 和永芳 黄雄 和东鹏 苗永旺[3] DUAN Jie;DENG Jun;FAN Xinyang;HE Yongfang;HUANG Xiong;HE Dongpeng;MIAO Yongwang(Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Yulong Naxi Autonomous County,Lijiang 674100,China;Yunnan Provincial Animal Husbandry General Station,Kunming 650224,China;Faculty of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]玉龙纳西族自治县畜牧兽医局,云南丽江674100 [2]云南省畜牧总站,云南昆明650224 [3]云南农业大学动物科学技术学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期963-970,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划项目(202202AE090005);国家自然科学基金项目(U2002205)。

摘　　要：【目的】为了发掘云南新的地方鸡资源,对玉龙雪山乌鸡进行遗传资源调查与种质特性评价。【方法】采用标准的遗传资源调查技术与方法,对该鸡的基本情况、外貌特征、体重、体尺和生产性能等进行调查或测定。【结果】玉龙雪山乌鸡是在滇西北高原山地生境及粗放的养殖方式下形成的肉蛋兼用型地方乌骨鸡良种,其形成还与当地纳西族文化及饮食习惯密切相关。该鸡体型中等,成年公、母鸡平均体重分别为2073和1902 g,体型结构指数分别为0.1459和0.1697;单冠,常羽,胸肌发达,高脚(成年公、母鸡平均胫长分别为14.21和11.21 cm);以黑羽、乌骨为其主要特征,具有适应当地高海拔寒冷气候环境、耐粗饲、觅食力强和抗病性强等优良特性。放养条件下,该鸡具有较好的产肉(公、母鸡平均日增重分别为6.74和6.21 g,屠宰率分别为89.09%和89.20%)与产蛋性能(年产蛋150~180枚),肉、蛋品质好;舍饲平养条件下,其生长速率明显提高,公、母鸡平均日增重分别为(11.06±0.09)和(9.68±0.31)g,料重比分别为2.78和2.91。【结论】玉龙雪山乌鸡的体型外貌有别于云南其他地方鸡种,具有优良的种质特性,但其选育程度不高。[Purpose]To discover new local chicken resources in Yunnan Province,the genetic resource investigation and germplasm characteristics evaluation of Yulong Snow Mountain black-boned chicken were carried out.[Methods]The basic information,appearance characteristics,body weight and size,production performance were investigated or measured by conventional genetic resource in-vestigation techniques and methods.[Results]Yulong Snow Mountain black-boned chicken is an excellent breed of indigenous black-boned chicken with meat and egg dual purpose,which is formed in the plateau mountain habitat of northwest Yunnan and extensive breeding mode.The formation of this chicken breed is also closely related to the local Naxi culture and eating habits.The chicken is medium in size,the average body weight of adult cocks and hens is 2073 and 1902 g,respectively,the body structure index of them is 0.1459 and 0.1697,respectively;with a single comb,regular feathers,well-developed pectoral muscles and high shanks(the average shank length for adult cocks and hens is 14.21 and 11.21 cm,respectively).Its main characteristics are black feathers and black bones.It has excellent characteristics such as adaptation to the cold climate environment of the local high altitude,rough feeding resistance,strong foraging ability and strong disease resistance.Under the condition of farmers’free-range rearing,the chicken has good meat(the average daily gain of cocks and hens is 6.74 and 6.21 g,respectively;the slaughter rate of them is 89.09%and 89.20%,respect-ively)and egg production performance(annual egg production of hens:150-180).Under the condi-tions of house ground-breeding,its growth rate increases obviously,the average daily gain of cocks and hens is(11.06±0.09)and(9.68±0.31)g,respectively;and the feed to gain ratio of them is 2.78 and 2.91,respectively.[Conclusion]The body shape and appearance of Yulong Snow Mountain black-boned chicken is different from other indigenous chickens in Yunnan,and it has excellent germplasm characteristics,but

关 键 词：玉龙雪山乌鸡 遗传资源 种质特性 调查 评价 

分 类 号：S831.2[农业科学—畜牧学]