青年马克思的理论创见  

The Theoretical Insights of the Young Marx

作　　者：渡边宪正 盛福刚(译)[2] Watanabe Norimasa

机构地区：[1]日本关东学院 [2]武汉大学哲学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《中国社会科学评价》2022年第3期118-132,160,共16页China Social Science Review

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“MEGA2视域下的东亚《德意志意识形态》编辑传播史研究”(17CZX008)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：青年马克思的理论创见可以归结为以下几点。第一,马克思在《德法年鉴》时期形成了“基础—上层建筑”理论,由此在1843年实现了理论转变;第二,在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》笔记本Ⅰ中,马克思基于“劳动—所有制形式”论和异化论对市民社会进行了批判性的剖析;第三,马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》笔记本Ⅲ的“私有财产和共产主义”一节中,否定了资本和劳动的对立,主张异化会导向扬弃私有财产和无产的历史变革的运动,并且将这一运动理解为“共产主义”,此为“历史变革的逻辑”。第四,马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中论述共产主义后,开始转变以往理论对“理论和实践”的理解,这也标志着启蒙主义批判的完结。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》和《德意志意识形态》之间存在内在的理论衔接,《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》是马克思自《德法年鉴》以来的理论总括。我们不能以马克思晚年的理论水准来裁决马克思青年时期理论的不完备,而要从其晚年研究的理论基础方面来解读青年马克思的理论创见。The theoretical insights of the young Marx can be categorized under the following points.First,Marx developed his“foundation-superstructure”theory in the German-French Yearbook;he thus underwent a theoretical transformation in 1843.Second,in Notebook I of the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,he made a critical analysis of civil society based on the theory of“forms of ownership of labor”and alienation.Third,in the section“Private Property and Communism”in Notebook III of the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,Marx rejects the opposition between capital and labor,arguing that alienation will lead to a movement of historical change that will sublate private property and the propertyless.He understands this movement as“communism,”and this is the“logic of historical change.”Fourth,after discussing communism in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,Marx begins to transform existing theoretical understandings of theory and practice,a transformation that marks the end of his Enlightenment critique.We cannot judge the incompleteness of Marx’s youthful theories by the standard of his later theories.Rather,we should interpret the theoretical insights of the young Marx in terms of the theoretical foundations of the research of his later years.

关 键 词：青年马克思 意识形态批判 异化论 历史变革 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]