设施大棚间作玉米对丛枝菌根网络形成及辣椒疫病防治的影响  

Intercropping with Maize Influences Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Network Formation and Pepper Phytophthora Blight Suppression in Facility Sheds

作　　者：刘一凡 侯劭炜 胡君利[1,3] 蔡鹏 李明慧 吴福勇 林先贵[1] LIU Yifan;HOU Shaowei;HU Junli;CAI Peng;LI Minghui;WU Fuyong;LIN Xiangui(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shannxi 712100,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]农业农村部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室(西北农林科技大学资源环境学院),陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤学报》2022年第5期1378-1385,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200603);国家自然科学基金面上项目(41671265)资助。

摘　　要：丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌对辣椒疫病等土传病害具有生防潜力,但由于难以纯培养而未能实现规模化生产应用,如能调动土著AM真菌的抑病功能则对实际生产具有重要指导意义。依托重庆石柱辣椒科技园,研究设施大棚中间作玉米对土著AM真菌生长及辣椒疫病防治的影响。结果表明,与辣椒单作相比,间作玉米处理辣椒根系AM真菌侵染率、根际AM真菌数量与土壤磷酸酶活性以及小区作物养分总吸收量均显著提高,辣椒疫病发病率与病情指数、单株辣椒的磷吸收量及果实生物量均显著下降,其中种植密度更高的等垄宽间作处理两种作物根系AM真菌侵染率、小区玉米产量及作物养分总吸收量均显著高于等行距间作处理,辣椒疫病发病率与之正好相反。设施环境下间作玉米或能通过促进AM真菌生长及其对辣椒根系的侵染来增强其对辣椒疫病的防治功效,其中等垄宽间作处理具有更好的经济效益。【Objective】Arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi have the potential for biocontrol of soil-borne diseases,e.g.,pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)Phytophthora blight.However,the mass production and wide application of AM fungi have not been achieved due to the difficulties associated with in vitro cultivation.Therefore,it would be of great significance if the disease suppression function of soil indigenous AM fungi can be exploited.【Method】In the Pepper Science Park of Shizhu County,Chongqing city,plot experiments in a facility shed were carried out to investigate the effects of intercropping with maize(Zea mays L.)on indigenous AM fungal propagation and pepper Phytophthora blight suppression.【Result】Compared with the control(i.e.,mono-cropping of pepper),intercropping with maize significantly increased not only the root mycorrhizal colonization rate of pepper,the rhizosphere AM fungal abundance,and soil phosphatase activity,but also the total nutrient(N,P,and K)acquisition amounts by the two crop species per plot.In contrast,intercropping with maize significantly decreased not only the incidence and severity of pepper Phytophthora blight but also the P acquisition amount and the fruit biomass per pepper plant.Compared to the treatment with the same row distances as control(SRD),the intercropping system which had the same ridge widths as control(SRW)and a relatively higher planting density,induced significantly highe r(i)root mycorrhizal colonization rates with both crops,(ii)maize yield per plot,and(iii)total nutrient acquisition amounts by the two crop species per plot.Furthermore,the pepper Phytophthora blight incidence was significantly lower in the intercropping system with SRW than with SRD.【Conclusion】In facility sheds,intercropping with maize may enhance the suppression of pepper Phytophthora blight by soil indigenous AM fungi via promoting their propagation and thus colonization on pepper roots.Also,the intercropping system with SRW has a relatively higher economic benefit compared to SRD.

关 键 词：辣椒疫病 丛枝菌根真菌 间作 设施大棚 磷 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]