发现《弘明集》的逻辑学价值  

Exploring the Logical Research Value of the Hong Ming Collection

作　　者：张立英 Zhang Liying

机构地区：[1]中国科学院哲学研究所 [2]中国科学院大学

出　　处：《哲学动态》2022年第10期96-104,F0003,共10页Philosophical Trends

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“《弘明集》中的推理与论证模式研究”(编号20BZX103);北京市社会科学基金项目“《弘明集》的论证理论和实例研究”(编号18ZXB006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《弘明集》是一部有影响力的佛教护法之作。从逻辑学角度来看,它无意间收录的东汉至南朝齐、梁五百年间僧人、王公大臣、文人学士等的思想交锋、笔谈论辩,为研究中国古代推理论证乃至思维模式提供了丰富的素材和样本。不仅如此,恰恰由于佛教义理的特点,这些文本中还蕴藏了不少涉及论证合理性、认知、无穷与时空等的理论性探讨。从文本整体、推理论证模式、论证元理论三个角度出发,通过示例对《弘明集》的逻辑学研究价值进行辨析,不仅为中国逻辑史增加了一个优质的研究文本,还将在一定程度上拓宽中国逻辑史的研究视野,并对当下日常推理、人工智能以及哲学逻辑的研究有所启发。TheHong Ming Collection(《弘明集》)was compiled by Seng You僧祐(445-518)in the SouthernLiang Dynasty.It records a series of ideological exchanges,written discussions and debates on Buddhismamong monks,princes and ministers,and the literati and scholars during the five hundred years from theEastern Han Dynasty to Qi and Liang in the Southern Dynasty.It is an important document in defense of theDharma for the history of Buddhism in China.In the past one hundred years,research on theHong Ming Collectionmainly focused on textual research,the history of Buddhism,the relationship between Buddhism,Daoism and Confucianism,culturology,and the literature and artistry of the articles included.From theperspective of logic,the original intention of theHong Ming Collectionwas to defend and promote the Dharma,but this collection incidentally retains a large number of examples of reasoning and argumentation which arehidden in the debates on Buddhism,moreover,these texts also contain a lot of theoretical discussions aboutthe rationality of arguments and epistemology.TheHong Ming Collectionis a valuable document to study thereasoning and argumentation modes and even the thinking patterns of the Chinese people from the Eastern HanDynasty to the Southern and Northern Dynasties.Based on the analysis of the texts in theHong Ming Collection,the following conclusions can be drawn:first,ancient Chinese people used deductive reasoningsmoothly,and there was no obvious dispute about whether a deductive reasoning was correct or not;second,in the process of reasoning and argumentation,ancient Chinese used analogies and metaphors a lot;third,theHong Ming Collectionis rich in various forms of argumentative structures;fourth,in the process of thesedebates,there are also many discussions on“meta-theories”of argumentation,such as the rationality ofargumentation,the scope of argumentation,various topics in the field of epistemic logic such as the relationsbetween“know”“speak”“act”“believe”,the limits of human cognition,in

关 键 词：《弘明集》 逻辑学 推理 论证 类比 论证元理论 

分 类 号：B81-092[哲学宗教—逻辑学]