添加外源碳对植烟土壤供氮能力及烟叶质量的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Carbon Addition on Nitrogen Supply Ability of Tobacco Planting Soil and Quality of Tobacco Leaf

作　　者：李青山 彭玉龙 张玉琴 张本强[5] 万军 王德权[6] 王刚[6] 王慎强[2] LI Qingshan;PENG Yulong;ZHANG Yuqin;ZHANG Benqiang;WAN Jun;WANG Dequan;WANG Gang;WANG Shenqiang(School of Environments and Resource,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246133,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture/Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Zunyi Branch Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company,Zunyi 563000,China;Weihai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Weihai 264200,China;China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Ji’nan 250100,China;Shandong Weifang Tobacco Co.,Ltd.,Weifang 261205,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学资源环境学院,安徽安庆246133 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所/土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司,贵州遵义563000 [4]威海市农业科学院,山东威海264200 [5]山东中烟工业有限责任公司,山东济南250100 [6]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261205

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2022年第10期53-60,共8页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目(2022MX19);山东潍坊烟草有限公司科技项目(潍烟技2022-38,潍烟技2019-44);安庆师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(211004)。

摘　　要：为明确烤烟生长后期“以碳控氮”提高烟叶质量的可行性,在大田条件下,以葡萄糖作为碳源,设置不添加葡萄糖(CK)、添加葡萄糖11.25 t/hm2(T_(1))、添加葡萄糖22.5 t/hm2(T_(2))3个处理,于烟苗移栽后90 d添加,探究烤烟生长后期添加外源碳对土壤供氮能力,烤后中部烟叶和上部烟叶外观质量、经济性状、主要化学成分含量及化学成分可用性指数的影响。结果表明,烤烟生长后期添加外源碳显著降低了植烟土壤的矿质氮水平,添加碳源后3~40 d,T_(1)、T_(2)处理和CK土壤矿质氮含量分别为13.03~61.25、15.93~23.42 mg/kg和52.64~92.36 mg/kg。另外,与CK相比,烤烟生长后期施加外源碳(T_(1)、T_(2))处理中部叶和上部叶外观质量得分分别增加20.9%~22.5%和21.4%,烟碱含量分别降低了17.1%~19.5%和21.6%~25.4%,化学成分可用性指数分别提高4.7%~6.5%和28.1%~29.0%,上部叶上等烟比例提高35.8%~37.0%,中部叶和上部叶均价分别增加1.8~2.8元/kg和1.2~1.4元/kg。可见,在烤烟生长后期可通过向植烟土壤施加外源碳调控植烟土壤氮素水平,进而提高烤烟烟叶质量。The research aims to clarify the feasibility of controlling nitrogen with carbon for the purpose of improving flue‑cured tobacco leaf quality at the later growth stage.Under field conditions,glucose was used as carbon resource,and three treatments were set including no glucose addition(CK),glucose addition of 11.25 t/ha(T_(1)),and glucose addition of 22.5 t/ha(T_(2)),in which glucose was added at 90 days after seedlings were transplanted.We studied the effects of exogenous carbon addition at the late growth stage of flue‑cured tobacco on soil nitrogen supply capacity,appearance quality,economic properties,main chemical component content and chemical component availability index of middle and upper tobacco leaves.The results showed that the addition of exogenous carbon at the late growth stage of flue‑cured tobacco significantly reduced the mineral nitrogen level of the tobacco‑growing soil.At 3—40 days after adding the carbon resource,soil mineral nitrogen contents of T_(1),T_(2) and CK treatments were 13.03—61.25,15.93—23.42 mg/kg and 52.64—92.36 mg/kg,respectively.In addition,compared with CK,glucose addition gave rise to higher appearance quality scores of leaves,which increased by 20.9%—22.5%for middle leaves and 21.4%for upper leaves respectively,lower nicotine content,which decreased by 17.1%—19.5%for middle leaves and 21.6%—25.4%for upper leaves respectively,and higher chemical composition availability index,which increased by 4.7%—6.5%for middle leaves and 28.1%—29.0%for upper leaves respectively.The superior tobacco ratio of upper leaf increased by 35.8%—37.0%,and the average price of middle leaf and upper leaf increased by 1.8—2.8 Yuan/kg and 1.2—1.4 Yuan/kg,respectively.These results suggest that the nitrogen level in the tobacco‑growing soil can be regulated by applying exogenous carbon in the later stage of the growth of flue‑cured tobacco,thereby improving the leaf quality of flue‑cured tobacco.

关 键 词：烤烟 外源碳 植烟土壤 供氮水平 烟叶质量 经济性状 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]