基于景观生态评估决策支持系统的荒野生物多样性保护案例研究  

Case Study on Wilderness Biodiversity Conservation Based on Landscape Ecological Decision and Evaluation Support System

作　　者：徐曦 罗祖奎 冉景丞 金敏丽[1] 陈楚文[1] XU Xi;LUO Zukui;RAN Jingcheng;JIN Minli;CHEN Chuwen(Zhejiang A&F University,School of Landscape and Architecture,Hangzhou,Zhejiang,China,311300;School of Sports andHealth Science,Kaili University,Kaili,Guizhou,China,556011;Guizhou Academy of Forestry,Guiyang,Guizhou,China,550005)

机构地区：[1]浙江农林大学风景园林与建筑学院,杭州311300 [2]凯里学院大健康学院,凯里556011 [3]贵州省林业科学研究院,贵阳550005

出　　处：《园林》2022年第12期38-45,共8页Landscape Architecture Academic Journal

基　　金：浙江省自然资源厅专项课题“钱塘江源头区域山水林田湖草生态修复项目标准体系研究”(编号:H20210238);浙江农林大学科研发展基金人才启动项目“乡村湿地生态修复效果评估及生态管理模式探索”(编号:2034020099)。

摘　　要：基于10多年来在城市规划和景观设计中荒野生物多样性保护案例的回顾与整理,指出荒野保护包括对荒野地的保护和对不同用地荒野性的保护两个层面。依据荒野的起源可以分为:(1)城市扩张中直接面临对未开发荒野的转化;(2)城市转型中面对棕地(工业用地的退出与转型);(3)废弃地(农田与乡村土地的弃置)的野化;(4)城市收缩中面临人工管理的退出、自然过程的进入等。提出应用野外调研、监测生物多样性和生态评估的方法,构建景观生态评估决策支持系统,在不同规划目标体系下,对荒野生物多样性进行保护规划。虽然中国城乡发展中对生物多样性、荒野保护的认识与制度建设还远远不够,但在城市治理与生产实践中已展开各类实践探索,各个层面决策者保护荒野与生物多样性的主观意愿不断增强,使得基于现场调查与生态评估的景观决策支持系统在荒野生物多样性保护规划中具有了极大的理论与应用价值。从允许开展对城市规划与建设的生物多样性效益后研究,到开展对规划建设前的预研究,到主动进行保护为主的城市发展规划,到生态农业中对生物多样性进行主动保护的探索,10年间,荒野生物多样性保护研究因全社会对生物多样性的认识渐渐深入而越发科学。随着《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第十五次会议后引起更多关注与重视,更多人力投入这一领域,或将迎来荒野保护的蓬勃发展。This paper reviews the wilderness conservation cases conducted by the author in urban planning and landscape design projects for more than ten years.It points out that wilderness conservation includes the protection of wilderness land and the protection of wil-derness nature of different land use.According to the origin of wilderness,these projects could be classifi ed into four categories:(1)direct transformation of undeveloped wilderness into an urban area;(2)brownfi eld(industrial land)transformation;(3)abandoned land(disposal of farmland and rural land)rewilding;(4)the exit of artifi cial management and the entry of natural succession in the process of urban shrinkage.It is proposed to apply fi eld research m,monitoring biodiversity and ecological assessment to construct a landscape ecological assessment decision support system for wilderness biodiversity conservation planning under different plan-ning target systems.Although the awareness and institutional construction of wilderness biodiversity under China’s urbanization process are far from enough,various explorations have been carried out in urban governance.The subjective will of decision-mak-ers at all levels to protect wilderness biodiversity has been growing,which makes the Landscape Ecological Decision and Evalu-ation Support System(LEDESS)have theoretical and application value in wilderness biodiversity protection planning.From the initial post-urban planning research to the pre-planning pre-research,to the active protection-based urban development planning,to the exploration of active biodiversity conservation in ecological agriculture,in just a few years,the whole society’s understanding of biodiversity has gradually deepened and become more scientifi c.With more attention and attention after the 15th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity,more manpower will be devoted to this fi eld,which may usher in the vigorous development of wilderness protection.

关 键 词：荒野性 生物多样性调查 生态评估 景观决策支持系统 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]