“民族”压倒“阶级”:东南亚三国建国时刻的精英抉择与历史遗产  

Nationalism Overwhelming Class: Elite Choice and Historical Legacies in the Three Southeast Asian Countries During the Founding Movement

作　　者：释启鹏 SHI Qipeng

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2022年第10期108-118,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“当代中西方民主模式的治理效能比较研究”(项目编号:22CZZ008);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金“阶级分析在当代比较政治研究中的应用”(项目编号:2021QD013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当代国家发展的整体态势有着深刻的历史渊源。20世纪以来,民族主义与共产主义成为东南亚国家反抗压迫的重要思想武器,但两者的最终命运却截然不同:几乎所有新政权最终都是受民族主义的话语影响并在其引领的社会运动中建立和巩固的,从而在世界政治舞台中上演了一出“民族”压倒“阶级”的历史剧目。两种对抗性意识形态的兴衰殊途,很大程度上源于它们对既有的社会结构与阶级关系的迥异态度。不同于民族话语下的政治革命并不涉及整体性社会变革,共产主义更加强调权力与财富再分配,从而使旧时代的权力精英受到根本挑战。为了维持旧的统治秩序,精英们必然在国家建立的关键时刻力图肃清一切潜在威胁。关键时刻的精英抉择导致“新封建主义”的兴起,自封建―殖民时代业已形成的依附性的人身关系以及碎片化的权力结构与所谓“现代”的制度设计纠缠在一起,新建立的国家仍然在旧秩序中难以自拔。上述情形在东南亚三国的历史进程中具有十分突出的表现。There is no doubt that a large number of fundamental features of certain countries have historical roots dating back to old times. Since the 20th century, two main political thoughts namely, nationalism and communism emerged in the three Southeast Asian countries committed as important ideological weapons for the Third World to resist oppression. However, their destinies are quite different: almost all the new states are finally established and consolidated in the discourse of nationalism and the social movements led by it. The reason why “nationalism overwhelming class” is largely due to their different attitudes towards the existing social structure and class relations. Different from the political revolution led by nationalism, which does not change the social structure, the social revolution led by communism emphasizes the redistribution of power and wealth, which challenged the core interests of power elites. In order to maintain the old order, elites must try to eliminate all potential redistribution threats at the founding movement. This key choice has led to the rise of “new feudalism”.The dependent personal relationship and fragmented power structure in the old world are intertwined with the socalled “modern” system design. The newly established country is still difficult to extricate itself from the old order.

关 键 词：民族 阶级 东南亚 权力精英 新封建主义 

分 类 号：D501[政治法律—政治学]