东北典型黑土区坡耕地土壤生产能力的研究  

A Study on the Soil Production Capacity of Cultivated Land on Slopes in Typical Black Soil Areas in Northeast China

作　　者：范益恺 许增涵 李玄同 杨晓慧 姜春慧 孟庆峰[1] Fan Yikai;Xv Zenghan;Li Xuantong;Yang Xiaohui;Jiang Chunhui;Meng Qingfeng(Collage of Resources and Environments,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《国土与自然资源研究》2023年第1期32-34,共3页Territory & Natural Resources Study

基　　金：黑土定位试验站运行经费。

摘　　要：典型黑土处于漫川漫岗地形,坡耕地对农业生产影响显著。鉴于此,本研究探究了典型黑土坡耕地的不同坡位的土壤理化性质与玉米生产及其相互关系,为其他地区坡耕地的粮食生产提供参考。本项研究将坡耕地划分为坡下位、坡中位、坡上位3个区域,采集0~20厘米的土壤样品用于测定土壤理化性质,并且收获不同坡位的玉米进行测产。研究结果表明,土壤有效磷、速效钾和有机质、pH均呈现坡下位高于坡中、坡上位,然而碱解氮呈现出相反的变化趋势,各坡位间的速效养分、pH与有机质均未达到显著性差异;土壤容重和孔隙度也呈现坡下大于坡上和坡中的整体趋势;田间持水量和饱和持水量均呈现坡上大于坡中大于坡下的趋势;坡下位玉米产量最高,达到2 595kg/hm2,大于坡中和坡上位的玉米产量。通过多元回归可知,土壤有机质、有效磷、土壤密度、孔隙度、土壤田间持水量显著影响坡耕地的玉米产量。The typical black soil is located in the mountainous terrain, and the sloping farmland has a significant impact on agricultural production. In view of this, this study explored the soil physical and chemical properties of different slopes of typical black sloping farmland and corn production and their relationship, so as to provide reference for grain production of sloping farmland in other areas. In this study, the sloping farmland was divided into three areas: lower slope, middle slope and upper slope. Soil samples of 0 ~20 cm were collected to measure soil physical and chemical properties, and corn yields were harvested in different slope positions. The results showed that soil available p, available K, organic matter and pH were higher in lower slope than in middle slope and upper slope, while the alkali-hydrolyzed N showed an opposite trend. The available nutrients, pH and organic matter were not significantly different in different slope positions.Soil bulk density and porosity also showed a general trend of being larger under the slope than on the slope and in the slope. Both field and saturated water holdup were larger on the slope than in the slope and larger than in the slope. Maize yield was the highest in the lower slope, reaching 2 595 kg/hm~2, which was larger than that in the middle and upper slope. Multiple regression showed that soil organic matter, available phosphorus, soil density, porosity and soil field water capacity significantly affected corn yield in sloping farmland.

关 键 词：玉米产量 土壤理化性质 坡位 

分 类 号：F301.21[经济管理—产业经济]