中国林业扶贫的实践探索与展望:由山区综合开发到山区生态扶贫  

Practical Exploration and Prospect of China's Forestry Poverty Alleviation:Comprehensive Development in Mountainous Areas to Ecological Poverty Alleviation in Mountainous Areas

作　　者：许正松 孔凡斌 XU Zheng-song;KONG Fan-bin(College of Economics,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 236800,China;College of Economics and Management,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Hangzhou 311300,China)

机构地区：[1]江西财经大学经济学院,江西南昌236800 [2]浙江农林大学经济管理学院,浙江杭州311300

出　　处：《中国林业经济》2022年第6期1-7,共7页China Forestry Economics

基　　金：安徽省高校人文社科重点项目“产业转移、环境规制与产业生态化发展:以安徽省为例”(SK2020A0572)。

摘　　要：由于绝大多数贫困人口分布在山区,我国于1996年初开始山区综合开发试点工作,各地根据自身特点,分别采用龙头企业带动模式、庭园经济模式、大户带动模式、政府促动模式等开发模式,经过近二十年的努力,取得了良好的开发效果,但我国山区依然面临着生态系统脆弱、经济发展滞后的严峻挑战。为更好地实现脱贫致富和生态环境优化的目标,《生态扶贫工作方案》提出了山区生态扶贫。从实践内容看,我国山区生态扶贫主要有生态补偿扶贫、生态产业扶贫、山区生态移民扶贫三种模式。生态补偿扶贫的短期扶贫效果最显著,产业扶贫是从根本上解决山区贫困和发展致富的必经之路,而生态移民扶贫则是部分高生态敏感度贫困地区的必然选择。为实现山区更好发展,今后需要优化山区生态扶贫模式,与乡村振兴有机结合。Since the vast majority of poor people are located in mountainous areas,my country started the pilot work of comprehensive development of mountainous areas at the beginning of 1996.According to their own characteristics,each locality adopts the leading enterprise-driven model,the garden economy model,the large-scale household-driven model and the government-driven model and other development models.After nearly 20 years of efforts,good development results have been achieved,but my country's mountainous areas still face severe challenges such as fragile ecosystems and lagging economic development.In order to better achieve the goals of poverty alleviation and prosperity and ecological environment optimization,the Ecological Poverty Alleviation Work Plan proposes ecological poverty alleviation in mountainous areas.From the perspective of practical content,ecological poverty alleviation in mountainous areas in my country mainly includes three modes:ecological compensation poverty alleviation,ecological industry poverty alleviation,and ecological poverty alleviation in mountainous areas.The short-term poverty alleviation effect of ecological compensation poverty alleviation is the most significant.Industrial poverty alleviation is the only way to fundamentally solve poverty in mountainous areas and develop into riches.Ecological immigrant poverty alleviation is an inevitable choice for some areas with high ecological sensitivity.In order to achieve better development in mountainous areas,it is necessary to optimize the ecological poverty alleviation model in mountainous areas in the future,and organically combine it with rural revitalization.

关 键 词：山区综合开发 山区生态扶贫 乡村振兴 经济增长 生态环境 

分 类 号：F326.2[经济管理—产业经济]