沿海城市洪涝高风险区土地利用管控——纽约市的经验与启示  

Land-use Management Within High-risk Floodplain Area in Coastal Cities:The Experience and Enlightenment from New York City

作　　者：周可婧 焦胜 韩宗伟 Zhou Kejing;Jiao Sheng;Han Zongwei

机构地区：[1]湖南大学建筑学院城乡规划系 [2]铜仁学院旅游与地理系

出　　处：《国际城市规划》2022年第5期121-130,共10页Urban Planning International

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFD1101304);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2019SK2101、2020SK2095)。

摘　　要：在极端气候变化与城市快速发展下,土地利用管控作为沿海城市防洪减灾的关键措施,能有效缓解洪涝灾害的社会经济冲击。为实现沿海洪涝高风险区的协同性、前瞻性与适应性发展,我国土地利用管控在洪涝风险管理与空间规划中的统筹应用机制还有待完善。基于我国沿海城市面临的现实挑战,本文以纽约市为例,梳理了洪泛区政策规划的协同管控框架、洪涝风险分区动态划定、管控工具功能耦合、区域差异化管控实践等具有重大借鉴意义的可行经验。据此,本文提出通过巩固市县国土空间规划应灾能力、构建洪涝高风险区预留用地承灾机制、完善多规划与多主体的协同管控框架,形成空间规划与洪涝风险管理耦合语境下的土地利用管控体系,以期启发我国沿海城市韧性发展决策。Facing extreme climate change and rapid urban development,landuse management can effectively mitigate social and economic impacts from flood disasters as a key approach.In order to achieve the coordinative,prospective and adaptive development within high flood risk floodplain,the comprehensive mechanism of applying land-use management into both flood risk and spatial planning system needs to be optimized.Based on challenges facing coastal cities in China,the paper illustrates New York City as a case for sorting out experience with great significance and feasibility,such as the coordinated framework of policy and planning,dynamic assessment of flood risk zones,multi-functional management tools,and regional practices.Therefore,the paper recommends that consolidating the disaster-responded capacity of national spatial planning,building hazard-affected mechanism within high risk floodplain,and improving the coordinative framework for planning and stakeholder to provide land use management system in the context of spatial planning and risk controlling,so as to inspire resilience decision-making processes for coastal cities in China.

关 键 词：土地利用管控 洪涝风险管理 洪涝高风险区 沿海城市 纽约市 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]