12kV真空灭弧室触头电动斥力计算与结构优化  

Electro-dynamic Repulsion Force Calculation and Structure Optimization of the Contacts in 12kV Vacuum Interrupter

作　　者：董华军[1,2] 孙鹏 李东恒 陈培军 DONG Huajun;SUN Peng;LI Dongheng;CHEN Peijun(School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China;State Grid Pinggao Group Co.,Ltd.,Pingdingshan 467001,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机械工程学院,大连116028 [2]国家电网平高集团有限公司,平顶山467001

出　　处：《高电压技术》2022年第9期3602-3611,共10页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51207016,51477023);辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2019-MS-036)。

摘　　要：在真空灭弧室合分闸过程中,动静触头间产生的电动斥力会加剧触头弹跳现象,引起高温电弧烧蚀触头,从而影响到真空灭弧室的工作性能。文中运用虚拟样机技术建立真空灭弧室触头结构三维有限元模型,并引入圆柱状导电桥模型作为接触点模拟触头间的电流收缩现象,采用电磁场仿真软件Ansoft Maxwell计算出动静触头间电动斥力;并对触头结构进行优化以减小触头间电动斥力。计算结果表明:触头闭合时洛伦兹力与霍尔姆力方向相反,存在一个合适的接触力能够使触头的总电动斥力降低至0N;灭弧室触头产生的电动斥力随着杯座开槽个数、杯指回旋角度、触头片开槽长度增加而减小;在4种铁芯结构触头中,环状铁芯优化效果较好,既可有效减小触头间电动斥力,同时也能改善触头的磁场特性。Excessive electro-dynamic repulsion force will be generated between the contacts during the breaking and closing process of vacuum interrupter,which aggravates the contact bounce phenomenon,causes high temperature arc to ablate contacts,thus affects the working performance of the vacuum interrupter.In this study,the 3D model of vacuum interrupter is established,and the cylindrical conductive bridge model is introduced as the contact point to simulate the current shrinkage between contacts,and the Ansoft Maxwell software is adopted to calculate the electrodynamic repulsion force between dynamic and static contacts.Then the contact structure is optimized to reduce the electrodynamic repulsion force.The results reveal that,when the contact is closed,the direction of Lorentz force and Holm force is opposite,and there exists a suitable contact force which can reduce the total electrodynamic repulsion force to 0 N.The electrodynamic repulsion force decreases with the increases of the number of slots,the rotation angle of the cup finger,and the slot length of the contact plate.Among the four kinds of iron core structure contacts,the annular iron core is best,which can effectively reduce the electrodynamic repulsion force between contacts and improve the magnetic field characteristics of contacts.

关 键 词：电动斥力 导电桥 电磁场分布 真空灭弧室 结构优化 

分 类 号：TM561.2[电气工程—电器]