避雷针端部曲率半径对雷击接闪效能的影响  

Lightning Attractive Efficiency Analyses: Effect from the Curvature Radius of Lightning Rod

作　　者：裴哲浩 陈维江[2] 陈家宏[3] 向念文 殷禹[5] 丁立健 傅中 张乔根[1] 黄胜鑫 顾建伟[5] 傅毓斐 樊星 章志远 PEI Zhehao;CHEN Weijiang;CHEN Jiahong;XIANG Nianwen;YIN Yu;DING Lijian;FU Zhong;ZHANG Qiaogen;HUANG Shengxin;GU Jianwei;FU Yufei;FAN Xing;ZHANG Zhiyuan(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;State Grid Corporation of China,Beijing 100031,China;State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan NARI,Wuhan 430074,China;School of Electrical Engineering and Automation,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;China Electric Power Research Institute,Beijing 100085,China;Electric Power Research Institute,State Grid Anhui Electric Power Company,Hefei 230001,China;State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电力设备电气绝缘国家重点实验室,西安710049 [2]国家电网公司,北京100031 [3]国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司,武汉430074 [4]合肥工业大学电气与自动化工程学院,合肥230009 [5]中国电力科学研究院,北京100085 [6]国网安徽电力科学研究院,合肥230001 [7]华中科技大学强电磁与新技术国家重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《高电压技术》2022年第9期3636-3642,共7页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家电网公司科技项目(52120519003H)。

摘　　要：通常认为避雷针端部曲率半径越小,端部附近电场越强,雷击接闪效能越强;一些学者认为不同高度避雷针端部曲率半径对接闪效能的影响不同;还有学者则认为曲率半径对接闪效能没有影响。因此,研究避雷针端部曲率半径是否影响其雷击接闪效能对新型避雷针的设计研发和工程应用具有指导意义。论文开展了针–板间隙下不同曲率半径避雷针流注放电与先导放电模拟实验,结合实验室针–板间隙和避雷针–雷云超长间隙放电的空间电场计算,对曲率半径是否影响避雷针迎面流注和迎面先导接闪效能进行了分析。结果表明,不同曲率半径下避雷针流注放电起始时刻差异<0.22μs,发展速度差异<5%;当曲率半径小于临界半径时,避雷针连续稳定先导起始时刻差异<1.27μs,发展速度差异小于5%;自然雷电环境下,避雷针端部曲率半径的变化仅对端部附近区域电场产生影响。研究表明,避雷针端部曲率半径对其雷击接闪效能几乎不产生影响。It is generally believed that the smaller the curvature radius at the tip of the lightning rod is, the stronger the electric field around the tip will be, and the better the lightning attractive efficiency will be;however, some scholars deem that the effect of the curvature radius is different by the height;other ideas show that the curvature radius brings about no effect. These inconsistent viewpoints pose a problem for design, research and application of the lightning rods. In this paper, experiments were carried out to simulate streamer and leader discharge from lightning rods with different curvature radius under the needle-plate gap. Combined with the electric field calculation in the natural lightning environment, it is analyzed whether the curvature radius affects the upward streamer discharge and upward leader discharge. The results show that there is a negligible difference of the inception time and the propagation speed of the streamer discharge under different curvature radius;when the curvature radius is less than the critical radius, there is a negligible difference of the inception time and the propagation speed of the continuous stable leader under different curvature radius;in the natural lightning environment, the change of the curvature radius only affects the electric field in the vicinity of the tip. In short, the curvature radius of the tip of the lightning rod has hardly effects on its lightning attractive efficiency.

关 键 词：曲率半径 雷击接闪效能 临界半径 迎面流注放电 迎面先导放电 避雷针 

分 类 号：TM862[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]