数据中心制冷系统即时消纳可再生能源的建模和变温控制  

Modeling and Variable Temperature Control for Instant Consumption of Renewable Energy in Data Center Cooling Systems

作　　者：朱介北 杨顺坡 俞露杰 贾宏杰 ZHU Jiebei;YANG ShunPo;YU Lujie;JIA Hongjie(School of Electrical and Information Engineering,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学电气自动化与信息工程学院,天津市300072

出　　处：《电力系统自动化》2022年第20期13-22,共10页Automation of Electric Power Systems

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2018YFA0702200);国家自然科学基金资助项目(51977143)。

摘　　要：随着数据中心的广泛部署,解决其高能耗问题正成为一大技术挑战。为降低数据中心用能成本和缓解环境污染问题,利用可再生能源为数据中心供电正成为关注热点。然而,由于可再生能源的随机性和波动性,数据中心对其消纳率低下。在考虑可再生能源随机波动特征和数据中心制冷系统负荷可控特征的前提下,提出一种面向数据中心制冷系统即时消纳可再生能源的变温控制策略。通过数据中心制冷功耗与可再生能源发电即时匹配,使制冷量随可再生能源出力而变化,发挥数据中心机房热惯性对温度变化的衰减和延迟作用,确保在制冷量波动的情况下数据中心维持在安全运行温度。搭建了数据中心能耗模型和温度动态响应模型,并提出了适用于评价数据中心可再生能源利用率的新型能效指标,验证了所提变温控制策略能够大幅提高可再生能源利用率并降低市电消耗。With the widespread deployment of data centers,addressing their high energy consumption is becoming a major technical challenge.In order to reduce energy costs of data center and alleviate environmental pollution problems,using renewable energy to supply power for data centers is becoming the focus of attention.However,due to the randomness and volatility of the renewable energy,the consumption rate of renewable energy in data centers is relatively low.On the premise of considering the random fluctuation characteristics of the renewable energy and the load controllable characteristics of the data center cooling system,a variable temperature control strategy for the instant consumption of renewable energy in the data center cooling system is proposed.Through matching the cooling power consumption of the data center with the power generation of renewable energy,the cooling capacity changes with the output of renewable energy.The thermal inertia of the data center room can be used to attenuate and delay temperature changes to ensure that the data center maintains a safe operating temperature when the cooling capacity fluctuates.The data center energy consumption model and temperature dynamic response model are built,and a new energy efficiency index suitable for evaluating the utilization rate of renewable energy in the data center is proposed.It is verified that the proposed variable temperature control strategy can significantly improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce the consumption of utility electricity.

关 键 词：数据中心 可再生能源 变温控制 制冷系统 可控负荷 热惯性 

分 类 号：TU831[建筑科学—供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程] TP308[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]