论行政法的红灯模式  

The Red-light Mode of Administrative Law

作　　者：毛玮 Mao Wei

机构地区：[1]中山大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2022年第6期53-71,共19页Local Legislation Journal

摘　　要：行政法的产生,是将私法规则适用于政府行为的自然结果,在最初时并不被承认;作为以私法形式存在的公法,它把行政权视为与私权类似的任性权力,以其对行政法的否认态度和对行政权的敌视立场而被称为红灯模式。民法之治的确立,将私权从公权力的管辖之下独立出去,在公域之外对公权行为形成了客观的限制,行政法其实只是私法的公域效果。红灯模式以禁止越权为行政法的基本原则,其主要目的是防范公权力侵入私人领域,并不关注行政权在公域内的作为。这种将私法规则适用于公权行为的法律调整机制具有内在不可调和的矛盾。私权本质上是人支配物的权利,而公权具有以人治人的性质,将两者混同视之,隐含着以当事人为管辖权客体的预设,忽略了公域内的法律关系,即主体间关系的存在,因而必将被绿灯模式所取代。然而红灯模式代表着行政法的原始发生逻辑和底层运行机制,是建构行政法的理论基础所必须研究的问题。The emergence of administrative law is the natural result of applying the rules of private law to government actions,which was not recognized at the beginning.As a public law existing in the form of private law,it regards executive power as a capricious power similar to private one.It is called the red-light mode because of its denial of administrative law and hostility to executive power.The establishment of the rule of civil law has separated private rights from the jurisdiction of public power,which has formed objective restrictions on public power outside the public domain,and administrative law is actually just the effect of private law on the public domain.The red-light mode takes prohibition of ultra vires as the basic principle of administrative law.Its main purpose is to prevent public power from invading the private domain.It does not pay attention to the actions in the public domain.This kind of legal adjustment mechanism,which applies private law rules to public power acts,has inherent irreconcilable contradictions.In essence,private right is the right of people to control things,while public right has the nature of governing people by people.The mixture of the two implies the presupposition that the parties are the object of jurisdiction,ignoring the legal relationship within the public domain(the existence of the relationship between subjects).So it should be replaced by the green-light mode.However,the red-light mode represents the original logic of the administrative law and the underlying operating mechanism,which is a problem that must be studied to construct the theoretical basis of administrative law.

关 键 词：行政法调整机制 红灯模式 管辖权 禁止越权 控权论 

分 类 号：D912.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]