土地利用变化对丹江流域径流和泥沙时空格局的影响  

Effects of Land-use Change on the Spatio-temporal Patterns of Runoff and Sediment in the Danjiang River Basin

作　　者：张田田 陈有超 李潜 赵铭石 齐文华 张全发[2] 张克荣[2] ZHANG Tian-tian;CHEN You-chao;LI Qian;ZHAO Ming-shi;QI Wen-hua;ZHANG Quan-fa;ZHANG Ke-rong(College of Science,Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China;Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany andWatershed Ecology,Wuhan Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430000,China;University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;the Nature Conservancy Beijing Representative Office,Beijing 100600,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学理学院,西藏拉萨850000 [2]中国科学院武汉植物园水生植物与流域生态重点实验室,湖北武汉430000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100101 [4]大自然保护协会北京代表处,北京100600

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2022年第8期1797-1811,共15页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金优秀青年基金项目(31922060);中国科学院青年创新促进会项目(2018374)。

摘　　要：丹江流域是南水北调中线工程的重要水源地,其水量和水质直接关系到京、津、冀、豫的用水安全。为了揭示丹江流域的径流量和泥沙量对土地利用变化的响应,基于SWAT模型,结合了2000、2008和2018年三期土地利用数据和2008~2018年气象数据,定量分析了径流量和泥沙量在不同土地利用情景下的变化。结果表明:(1)2000~2018年间,丹江流域耕地面积净减少了1 400.98 km~2,林地、草地、城镇用地和未利用地分别增加了938.20、400.04、43.53和12.44 km~2;(2)情景分析的结果表明:城镇用地、耕地和草地面积的减少,林地面积的增加会导致径流量和泥沙量的减少。整体而言,相较于2000情景年,2008情景年的多年平均径流量减少了0.27亿m~3(-2.16%)、多年平均泥沙量减少了1.19万t(-6.74%);相较于2008情景年,2018情景年间多年平均径流量减少了1.68亿m~3(-13.73%)、多年平均泥沙量减少了8.97万t(-54.46%);(3)丹江流域单位面积产水量呈现上游和下游较高而中游较低的格局;单位面积产沙量呈现上游和中游较低而下游较高的格局。研究可为丹江流域的土地利用结构优化和水土资源的保护提供科学依据。Danjiang River Basin is an important water source of the middle route of South to North Water Transfer Project. The water quality and quantity in Danjiang River Basin are crucial for the water safety of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Henan. In order to reveal the response of runoff and sediment to land use change in the Danjiang River Basin, this paper quantitatively analyzed the changes of runoff and sediment under different land use scenarios by using Soil and Water Assessment Tool(SWAT) model and land use data from year 2000, 2008 and 2018. The results showed that:(1) During the period from year 2000 to 2018, the area of cultivated land decreased by 1 400.98 km~2, while the area of forest land, grassland, urban land, and unused land increased by 938.20 km~2, 400.04 km~2, 43.53 km~2 and 12.44 km~2 in Danjiang River Basin, respectively.(2) The SWAT modeling results showed that the decrease of runoff and sediment could be due to the decrease of cultivated land and grassland area and the increase of forest land. During scenario year 2000 to 2008, land use change casued a reduction of 27 million m(-2.16%) in averaged annual runoff and a reduction of 11 900 tons(-6.74%) in averaged annual sediment, respecitivly. During scenario year 2008 to 2018, land use change caused a decrease of 168 billion m~3(-13.73%) in averaged annual runoff and 89 700 tons(-54.46%) in averaged annual sediment, respectively.(3) The water yield of Danjiang River Basin is higher in the upper and lower reaches while lower in the middle reaches;The sediment yield is lower in the upper and middle reaches while higher in the lower reaches. This study can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of land use strategy and the protection of water and soil resources in Danjiang River Basin.

关 键 词：南水北调中线工程 土地利用变化 丹江流域 径流模拟 泥沙模拟 时空格局 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]