北京市0~6岁儿童五类发育性残疾筛查情况分析  

Screening of five types of developmental disabilities in children aged 0-6 years in Beijing

作　　者：魏乾伟 张丽晋[1] 何辉[1] 尚晓瑞[1] 梁明丽[1] 张艳[1] 李一辰[1] WEI Qian-wei;ZHANG Li-jin;HE Hui;SHANG Xiao-rui;LIANG Ming-li;ZHANG Yan;LI Yi-chen(Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Capital Medical University/Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,Beijing 100026,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院/北京妇幼保健院,100026

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2022年第5期271-274,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的分析北京市0~6岁儿童五类发育性残疾的筛查现状,发现残疾筛查工作中存在的问题并提出建议。方法利用2019年北京市0~6岁儿童残疾筛查工作季报,对初筛和复筛数据资料进行汇总和描述性分析,采用χ^(2)检验比较城区和近、远郊区之间的差异。结果北京市0~6岁儿童五类残疾初筛率为98.89%,总体初筛阳性率为45.63‰,视力残疾、听力残疾、肢体(不含神经系统异常)残疾、脑瘫、智力残疾和孤独症谱系障碍的初筛阳性率分别为1.89‰、1.00‰、33.20‰、1.48‰、7.43‰和0.63‰。不同地区各类别残疾的初筛阳性率不同,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。全市总体初筛转介率为43.25%,除孤独症谱系障碍外,不同地区的各类别转介率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论北京市基本实现了0~6岁儿童残疾筛查的全面覆盖,但初筛阳性率和转介率有待提高,应加强项目管理,定期进行质控和技术培训,在不同层级开展残疾预防宣传和健康教育活动。Objective To analyze the screening status of five types of developmental disabilities in children aged 0-6 years in Beijing,and to find the problems in disability screening and put forward suggestions.Methods Based on the quarterly report of disability screening for children aged 0-6 years in Beijing in 2019,the preliminary and re-screening data were summarized and descriptive analyzed,and the chi-square test was used to compare the differences among urban areas,near and outer suburbs.Results The primary screening rate of five disabilities was 98.89%,and the overall positive rate was 45.63‰.The positive rates of vision disability,hearing disability,physical(neurological abnormalities were excluded)disability,cerebral palsy,intelligence disability and autism spectrum disorder were 1.89‰,1.00‰,33.20‰,1.48‰,7.43‰and 0.63‰,respectively.The positive rate of primary screening was different among different types of disability in different areas,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.01).The primary screening referral rate was 43.25%,and there were statistically significant differences among referral rates in different areas except autism spectrum disorder(all P<0.01).Conclusions The coverage of disability screening in children aged 0-6 years has been basically achieved in Beijing,but the positive rate of primary screening and referral rate need to be improved.Project management should be strengthened,technical quality control and retraining should be carried out regularly,and disability prevention and health education activities should be carried out at different levels.

关 键 词：残疾筛查 发育性残疾 视力残疾 听力残疾 肢体残疾 智力残疾 孤独症谱系障碍 儿童 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] D669.69[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]